For each presidential election year, we also provide national and state-by-state voting results, both popular and electoral, of the major party candidates. The 1800 United States presidential election was the fourth quadrennial presidential election.It was held from October 31 to December 3, 1800. Post your answer. The election was the first of six consecutive Republican victories. [[Category:Origins of the American Civil War]penguin], 19th quadrennial United States presidential election, * Third party is endorsed by a major party, Democratic (Northern Democratic) Party nomination, Southern Democratic Party candidates gallery, Liberty Party (Radical Abolitionists, Union) candidates gallery. The election of 1860 was one of the major causes of the Civil War; however, it was not the main cause. The Election of 1860: Many historian believe that the election of 1860 was the most important election in American history. The West – 1800-1860 Cynthia Williams Resor Teaching American History December 7, 2012 Middle School – 2nd session; 4th year 2 1860: The Election that Led to War The Election of 1860 I. Seward had been governor and senator of New York, was from firm Whig backgrounds, and was a very able politician. The split in the Democratic party is sometimes held responsible for Lincoln's victory[34] despite the fact that Lincoln won the election with less than 40% of the popular vote, as much of the anti-Republican vote was "wasted" in Southern states in which no ballots for Lincoln were circulated. After two ballots - the 59th ballot overall - the remaining Democrats nominated Stephen A. Douglas from Illinois for president. Detailed national-level Presidential Election Results for 1860. With the Democrats in disarray and a sweep of the Northern states possible, the Republicans felt confident going into their convention in Chicago. Lincoln lost the city by 29,008 of the 95,588 votes cast. Gerrit Smith, a prominent abolitionist and the 1848 presidential nominee of the original Liberty Party, had sent a letter in which he stated that his health had been so poor that he had not been able to be away from home since 1858. Some key differences between modern elections and the those of the mid-nineteenth century are that at the time, not only was there was no secret ballot anywhere in the United States, but the state did not print and distribute ballots. On April 20, 1860, the party held what it termed a national convention to nominate Houston for president on the San Jacinto Battlefield in Texas. ; THE HOUSTON MASS MEETING. Douglas attained a 28 to 47% share in the states of the Mid-Atlantic, Midwest, and Trans-Mississippi West, but slipped to 19 to 39% in New England. Source: Data from Walter Dean Burnham, Presidential ballots, 1836–1892 (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1955) pp 247–57. Map Code: Ax00064. In a four-way contest, the Republican Party ticket of Abraham Lincoln and Hannibal Hamlin, absent from the ballot in ten slave states,[2] won a national popular plurality, a popular majority in the North where states already had abolished slavery, and a national electoral majority comprising only Northern electoral votes. Houston, never enthusiastic about running for the Presidency, soon became convinced that he had no chance of winning and that his candidacy would only make it easier for the Republican candidate to win. In November of 1860, the presidential election was one of the most momentous in the history of the United States. This battle was an important milestone in the Civil War. Welcome: Minnesota and Oregon become states during this election cycle Original 13 states control fewer than 50% of total Electoral Votes for first time; Lincoln received only about 40% of the popular vote in a divided nation on the brink of Civil War Delivered in Seward's home state, and attended by Greeley, Lincoln used the speech to show that the Republican party was a party of moderates, not crazed fanatics as the South and Democrats claimed. English: Election map for 1860, in SVG format. He withdrew from the race on August 16, and urged the formation of a Unified "Union" ticket in opposition to Lincoln. report. Representatives: 1932 to 2010", United States presidential election of 1860, 1860 election: State-by-state Popular vote results, United States Presidential Election of 1860 in, Abraham Lincoln: Original Letters and Manuscripts, 1860, Overview of Constitutional Union National Convention, Presidential Election of 1860: A Resource Guide, Bill Bigelow, "The Election of 1860 Role Play", elections in which the winner lost the popular vote, Notable third party performances in United States elections, South Carolina 1954 (Democratic Write-In), Third party officeholders in the United States, Third-party members of the United States House of Representatives, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1860_United_States_presidential_election&oldid=1015699249, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from January 2021, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2020, Articles needing additional references from November 2017, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2018, Pages using bar box without float left or float right, Articles with Encyclopædia Britannica links, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Abraham Lincoln, former representative from Illinois, Edward Bates, former representative from Missouri, John McLean, associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, William L. Dayton, former senator from New Jersey, James Guthrie, former treasury secretary from Kentucky, Robert Mercer Taliaferro Hunter, senator from Virginia, Daniel S. Dickinson, former senator from New York, John C. Breckinridge, Vice President of the United States, Jefferson Davis, senator from Mississippi, John J. Crittenden, senator from Kentucky, Edward Everett, former senator from Massachusetts, William A. Graham, former senator from North Carolina, William C. Rives, former senator from Virginia, Gerrit Smith, former representative from New York. time leading up to the election of 1860. Electoral map for election Of . Not available in any store! The incumbent president, James Buchanan, like his predecessor, Franklin Pierce, was a Northern Democrat with Southern sympathies. The election of Abraham Lincoln is considered to be one of … Retrieved July 31, 2005. 1860 Election Map. [32], Lincoln's strategy was deliberately focused, in collaboration with Republican Party Chairman Thurlow Weed, on expanding on the states Frémont won four years earlier: New York was critical with 35 Electoral College votes, 11.5 percent of the total, and with Pennsylvania (27) and Ohio (23) as well, a candidate could collect 85 votes, whereas 152 were required to win. On November 6, 1860, voters went to the ballot box to cast their vote for President of the United States. Like Lincoln, Breckinridge and Bell won no electoral votes outside of their respective sections. "Lincoln for President: an unlikely candidate, an audacious strategy, and the victory no one saw coming" (2009) Ch. Since this was decided before the party split, both Douglas supporters and Breckinridge supporters claimed the right for their man to be considered the party candidate and the support of the electoral slate. He had been quietly eyeing a run since the Lincoln-Douglas debates in 1858, ensuring that the debates were widely published, and that a biography of himself was published. Electoral boundaries shown for Great Britain and Northern Ireland are those in effect at 1 October 2020. Nearly all "conditional Unionists" joined the secessionists. The election also sparked a crisis where 11 Southern states left the union, formed a new country and fell into a disastrous war with the North, all within six months of Lincoln’s win. Lincoln is the far left, Douglas is the center of the three tearing the western part of the country, and Breckinridge is ripping at the South. Six candidates were nominated: Stephen A. Douglas from Illinois, James Guthrie from Kentucky, Robert Mercer Taliaferro Hunter from Virginia, Joseph Lane from Oregon, Daniel S. Dickinson from New York, and Andrew Johnson from Tennessee, while three other candidates, Isaac Toucey from Connecticut, James Pearce from Maryland, and Jefferson Davis from Mississippi (the future president of the Confederate States) also received votes. By 1860, the United States was in the midst of serious political turmoil. Lincoln's combination of a moderate stance on slavery, long support for economic issues, his western origins, and strong oratory proved to be exactly what the delegates wanted in a president. Map of presidential election results by county, Map of Republican presidential election results by county, Map of Northern Democratic presidential election results by county, Map of Southern Democratic presidential election results by county, Map of Constitutional Union presidential election results by county, Map of "Fusion" slate presidential election results by county, Cartogram of presidential election results by county, Cartogram of Republican presidential election results by county, Cartogram of Northern Democratic presidential election results by county, Cartogram of Southern Democratic presidential election results by county, Cartogram of Constitutional Union presidential election results by county, Cartogram of "Fusion" slate presidential election results by county. Elections, 4th ed. In 1854 a new political party was … Home 2020 Election Results Election Info Weblog Forum Wiki Search Email Login Site Info Store Note: The Google advertisement links below may advocate political positions that this site does not endorse. Date: 26 August 2008: Source: Image:Blank_US_Map.svg Blank US SVG map on Commons by User:Theshibboleth: Author: PSMax8956: U.S. The Wide Awakes young Republican men's organization massively expanded registered voter lists, and although Lincoln was not even on the ballot in most Southern states, population increases in the free states had far exceeded those seen in the slave states for many years before the election of 1860, hence free states dominated in the Electoral College.[33]. Within the fifteen slave states, Lincoln won only two counties out of 996, Missouri's St. Louis and Gasconade Counties. Indeed, Lincoln’s trip to Washington was literally fraught with trouble, as rumors of assassination plots swirled and he had to be heavily guarded during his train trip from Illinois to … 10, Dubin, Michael J., United States Presidential Elections, 1788–1860: The Official Results by County and State, McFarland & Company, 2002, p. 187, Dubin, Michael J., United States Presidential Elections, 1788–1860: The Official Results by County and State, McFarland & Company, 2002, p. 188, United States presidential election, 1860, "1860 United States presidential election", Learn how and when to remove this template message, each territory's settlers to decide locally on the status of slavery, 1848 presidential nominee of the original Liberty Party, National Archives and Records Administration, 1860 and 1861 United States House of Representatives elections, 1860 and 1861 United States Senate elections, American election campaigns in the 19th century, History of the United States Democratic Party, History of the United States Republican Party, "Voter Turnout in Presidential Elections", "Abraham Lincoln: Campaigns and Elections" (Miller Center, 2019), "Proceedings of the Republican national convention held at Chicago, May 16, 17 and 18, 1860 : Republican National Convention (2nd : 1860 : Chicago, Ill.) : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive", http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/11/10/how-and-where-lincoln-won/, Getting the Message Out! Former Senator Edward Everett from Massachusetts, Former Senator William A. Graham from North Carolina, Former Senator William C. Rives from Virginia, The Constitutional Union Party was formed by remnants of both the defunct Know Nothing and Whig Parties who were unwilling to join either the Republicans or the Democrats. [39] Thus, except for running mate Everett's home state of Massachusetts, and California, Bell received even less support in the free states than did Breckinridge, and consequently came in last in the national popular vote, at 12.62%. He set about ensuring that he was the second choice of most delegates, realizing that the first round of voting at the convention was unlikely to produce a clear winner. They could no longer tolerate Northern state attitudes that regarded slave ownership as a great sin and Northern politicians who insisted on stopping the spread of slavery.[47][48][49]. Mexican War hero Winfield Scott suggested to Lincoln that he assume the powers of a commander-in-chief before inauguration. "Sectionalism and the Secession Crisis," in John B. Boles, ed., Grinspan, Jon, "'Young Men for War': The Wide Awakes and Lincoln's 1860 Presidential Campaign,". The issue of slavery threatened to rip the nation apart. (The noted secessionist William Lowndes Yancey, speaking at New York's Cooper Institute in October 1860, asserted that with abolitionists in power, "Emissaries will percolate between master [and] slave as water between the crevices of rocks underground. ELECTION OF 1860 •NORTH •SOUTH •WEST •BORDER STATES . share. Virginia convened a secession convention, which voted against secession but remained in session. Students learn about the election of 1860 and how it represented the Union divided over many issues, including slavery. [3], Chase, a former Democrat, had alienated many of the former Whigs by his coalition with the Democrats in the late 1840s. William H. Seward from New York was considered the front-runner, followed by Salmon P. Chase from Ohio, and Missouri's Edward Bates. This 1860 political cartoon is of all four candidates in the 1860 presidential election. Press J to jump to the feed. The Fusion slate consisted of 3 electors pledged to Douglas, and 2 each to Breckinridge and Bell. When the Democrats reconvened in Baltimore, they rejoined (except South Carolina and Florida, who had stayed in Richmond). It was the economy of slavery and the control of the system of slavery that was a major controversy in this dispute. We recommend these books from Amazon if you would like to learn more about the 1860 presidential election and Abraham Lincoln: Lincoln: Speeches and Writings: 1859-1865 (Library of America) Abraham Lincoln: A Life (Volume 1) A Self-Made Man: The Political Life of Abraham Lincoln Vol. Nevertheless, he finished a remarkable second in all slave states won by Breckinridge or Douglas. save. (2001). The presidential election was held on November 6, 1860. [3], Even with such support from his home state, Lincoln faced a difficult task if he was to win the nomination. At the Democratic National Convention held in Institute Hall in Charleston, South Carolina, in April 1860, 50 Southern Democrats walked out over a platform dispute, led by the extreme pro-slavery "Fire-Eater" William Lowndes Yancey and the Alabama delegation: following them were the entire delegations of Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, South Carolina and Texas, three of the four delegates from Arkansas, and one of the three delegates from Delaware. User account menu. The 1860 Democratic National Convention adjourned in Charleston, South Carolina, without agreeing on a nominee, but a second convention in Baltimore, Maryland, nominated Illinois Senator Stephen A. Douglas. Douglas, a moderate on the slavery issue who favored "popular sovereignty", was ahead on the first ballot, but was 56½ votes short of the secure the nomination. The delegates who walked out of the convention at Charleston reconvened in Richmond, Virginia on June 11. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. The maps show at a glance the geographical growth of the United States and the shifting political fortunes of different parties. The states are not interactive on the map unless the split is . In most of Virginia, no publisher would print ballots for Lincoln's pledged electors. Missouri convened a secession convention, which voted against secession and adjourned permanently. Share this: Click to share on Twitter (Opens in … The standoff continued until mid-April, when Confederate President Jefferson Davis ordered Confederate troops to bombard and capture Fort Sumter. How the 1860 US election went. Lincoln won the presidency in that year with a plurality of 40% of the votes, while Douglas, who garnered 34% of the total votes, was awarded only 12 electoral votes, which was … [nb 6] Moreover, Lincoln's share of the popular vote would have been even lower if there had been a popular vote in South Carolina. There many men voted for Breckinridge, while in Augusta few did so. War By the time Lincoln took the oath of office, seven southern states had formed the Confederate States of America. From the mid-1850s, the anti-slavery Republican Party became a major political force, driven by Northern voter opposition to the Kansas–Nebraska Act and the Supreme Court's 1857 decision in Dred Scott v. Sandford. In 1860 geography was a huge factor in the way the election would play out. This article is the first in a series in which Susan Schulten, a historian at the University of Denver, uses maps to illuminate the secession crisis and the war it produced. War By the time Lincoln took the oath of office, seven southern states had formed the Confederate States of America. This vote is listed under the Fusion column, not the Breckinridge column as many other sources do, because this ticket was pledged to either of two candidates based on the national result. Source (Popular Vote): .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}Leip, David. Abraham Lincoln from Illinois, was lesser known, and was not considered to have a good chance against Seward. Decredico, Mary A. Abraham Lincoln won a decisive victory on Nov. 6, 1860, with more than double the Electoral College votes of John C. Breckinridge, the runner-up. Divide students into four groups and assign each group a candi-date from the 1860 election. In ten southern slave states, no citizen would publicly pledge to vote for Abraham Lincoln, so citizens there had no legal means to vote for the Republican nominee. ELECTION OF 1860 . Materials Handout #1: ―Electoral Vote Map and Graph – 1860‖ Handout #2: ―Popular Vote Graph and Data – 1860‖ … A map of the United States hung on a wall is being torn apart by three of the candidates. As the map below shows, the Fusion ticket won all 22 New York City wards: Just as now, New York City in 1860 was strongly Democratic. You can launch a map of Great … The fourth, John Bell (right), stands on a stool … While Benjamin Fitzpatrick from Alabama was nominated for vice president, he refused the nomination. In the "Middle" South states, there was a unionist majority divided between Douglas and Bell in Virginia and Tennessee; in North Carolina and Arkansas, the unionist (Bell and Douglas) vote approached a majority. National Archives and Records Administration. [26][27] Unsurprisingly, the vast majority of the votes Lincoln received were cast in border counties of what would soon become West Virginia – the future state accounted for 1,832 of Lincoln's 1,929 votes. Using library books, the Internet or other sources, have students research their candidate to get a full understanding of the candi-date’s platform and constituents. Instead, presidential ballots were printed and distributed by agents of the candidates and their parties, who organized slates of would-be electors publicly pledged to vote for a particular candidate. The votes of the Electoral College were split among four candidates in the 1860 presidential election. Economically, culturally, and politically, the South was made up of three regions. Stuart delayed the advance of the much larger Union Army for three days around Unison, foiling Lincoln's plan and allowing the Confederate Army to escape the trap. On the 57th ballot, with Douglas was still ahead, but 51½ votes short of the nomination, the exhausted and desperate delegates agreed on May 3 to cease voting and adjourn the convention. However, the "conditional Unionists" also hoped that when faced with secession, Northerners would stifle anti-slavery rhetoric and accept pro-slavery rules for the territories. 1860 Election Results: The South Reacts. Breckinridge convincingly carried only three of the six states of the Deep South (South Carolina, Florida, and Mississippi). The Northern Democrats nominated Stephen A. Douglas from Illinois for president, and the Southern Democrats … Licensing . They opposed the expansion of slavery and called upon Congress to make sure that it didn't … The 1860 United States presidential election was the 19th quadrennial presidential election, held on November 6, 1860. Edward Everett was nominated for vice-president at the convention on May 9, 1860, one week before Lincoln. [3], The first round of voting predictably produced a lead for Seward, but not a majority, with Lincoln in second place. Additionally, the slate was almost equally divided between the supporters of Breckinridge and Douglas. Besides the Democratic Parties in the Southern states, the Breckinridge/Lane ticket was also supported by the Buchanan administration. If the President (and, by extension, the appointed federal officials in the South, such as district attorneys, marshals, postmasters, and judges) opposed slavery, it might collapse. He had also been abandoned by his longtime friend and political ally Horace Greeley, publisher of the influential New-York Tribune. Nonetheless, loyal army officers in Virginia, Kansas and South Carolina warned Lincoln of military preparations to the contrary. 1860 Presidential Election Map. Lincoln was not unknown; he had gained prominence in the Lincoln–Douglas debates, and had served as a house representative from Illinois. 96% Upvoted. While on the right of the image, John Bell, stands on a chair gluing the northeastern part of the map. The second round eliminated most of the minor contenders, with votes switching to Seward or mostly to Lincoln. Title: HOW DID THE ELECTION OF 1860 REFLECT SECTIONAL DIFFERENCES IN THE UNITED STATES? He won 45 to 47 percent in Maryland, Tennessee and North Carolina and canvassed respectably with 36 to 40 percent in Missouri, Arkansas, Louisiana, Georgia, and Florida. The Presidential Election of 1860. Lincoln received a thunderous ovation, surpassing the expectations of him and his political allies. 1 print : lithograph on wove paper ; 34 x 48.8 (image), 35.8 x 52.4 cm (sheet) | A crude nonpartisan satire, parodying all four candidates in the 1860 presidential election. A selection of highlights from this collection includes: Douglas & … Lincoln was the second President-elect to poll no votes in any state which had a popular vote (the first was John Quincy Adams, who polled no ballots in the popular votes of two states in the election of 1824, although that was a unique election in which there were four major candidates, none of whom distributed ballots in every state). Popular votes refers to Georgia, Florida, and the Southern states the. 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At Charleston reconvened in Richmond ) capture Fort Sumter adjourned temporarily results of the United states | |. Exclude South Carolina DECLARATION of CAUSES of SECESSION- •State Compact Theory - Constitution is an excruciating of! Chose presidential electors was `` astonished '' and that he assume the of... In effect at 1 October 2020, Senator Robert M. T. Hunter Virginia! 1860 Republican National convention '', `` US president - Liberty ( Union ) National convention,! Secession convention, a Decision that led to War Lincoln then called for to. Nation had been governor and Senator of New York, Pennsylvania, 2. While on the slate, who was pledged to 3 different candidates 18! In Baltimore 's Institute Hall, with five percent of the inherent injustice of the,... A week before the National convention in Chicago nominated Lincoln, Stephen A. Douglas Illinois. New York, was lesser known, and Massachusetts Seward had been divided throughout most of the states. 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Source: Data from Walter Dean Burnham, presidential ballots, 1836–1892 ( Johns Hopkins University press, )... Antislavery stance made him popular with the election of 1860 is an excruciating demonstration of the United states put our... Weakened his position were for Douglas vote in two states, Missouri 's Bates... October 2020 or electors, to the ballot box to cast their for... And had served as a house Representative from Illinois for president laminated US history maps are invaluable. States shown here did not attend the convention would happen in Chicago not be confused with Charleston 's Hall. Were unusually tumultuous, due in particular to a split electoral outcome stool … 1860 election between Stephen Douglas John... Which spooked moderate delegates Fitzpatrick from Alabama was nominated for vice president which together controlled a majority of the South... Lincoln secured the nomination opposed tariffs demanded by Pennsylvania, and Massachusetts showing. 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A commander-in-chief before inauguration the rest of the United states had formed the Confederate states of America in he! Summary Summary the election of 1860 shows, by state, HOW each presidential candidate fared the Civil.
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