Newly founded Greek cities, populated mostly by local people, were the cultural melting‑pots of the East. The Greek city, known as the polis, was the vehicle for the assimilation and Hellenization of the indigenous peoples of the Near East. has been added to your Cart. Enter your mobile number or email address below and we'll send you a link to download the free Kindle App. Download for offline reading, highlight, bookmark or take notes while you read Judaism and Hellenism: Studies in their Encounter in Palestine during the Early Hellenistic Period. Judaism and Hellenism: Studies in their Encounter in Palestine During the Hellenistic Period. The dominant features of the Hellenistic Age, which began with Alexander’s death in 323, were an increasing cosmopolitanism and… The Sadducees were elitists who wanted to maintain the priestly caste, but they were also liberal in their willingness to incorporate Hellenism into their lives, something the Pharisees opposed. The idea was to educate every Jewish boy. Indeed, it was not the Greeks themselves, but the Macedonians, whose civilization was derivative from that of the true Hellenes, who were mainly responsible for spreading Greek culture to the Near East. This edition was published in 1974 by Fortress Press in Philadelphia. The Near East as a whole, and Palestine and its Jewish residents more particularly, first came under Aegean influence in the fourteenth century BCE. At least from the 16 th century onward (J. Scaliger) this text was interpreted to imply a contrast between Jews who used Hebrew and Jews who used Greek in the synagogue service. Recommended. Martin Hengel, Ph.D., is Emeritus Professor of New Testament and Early Judaism for the University of Tuebingen, Germany. Bring your club to Amazon Book Clubs, start a new book club and invite your friends to join, or find a club that’s right for you for free. The cultural phenomenon that we call Hellenism had a lasting impact on Judaism and the Jewish people. First, since Jerusalem had fallen, the focus shifted from the temple to an emphasis on ethics (Scott, 123). It had been liberated from the limitations of geography, and one could now be a Hellene by education and culture, not just by birth. Jewish artisans of Alexandria each had their own section in the synagogue: the goldsmiths sat in one section, the silversmiths in another, and the carpenters in a third.Josephus writes that the synagogue was like an a… People from the surrounding areas, streaming into the cities, quickly gained the legal and economic advantages afforded by citizenship in the polis-‑exemption from certain customs and duties and participation in the municipal government. This massive study of the impact of Hellenistic culture on Judaism from about 360 to 150 bc has been welcomed with enthusiasm since it first appeared in German in 1969. Hellenism was a synthesis of Greek (Hellenic) culture with the native cultures of the Near East. Thus the peoples of the defeated Persian Empire could offer no more resistance to the Hellenic cultural onslaught than they had to the Macedonian army. The term “Hellenistic Judaism” is a conventional one, long used, but a misnomer according to many contemporary scholars. Simeon b Setah ordered all Jewish boys to go to school. This bar-code number lets you verify that you're getting exactly the right version or edition of a book. It has since influenced a generation of scholars, being cited in hundreds of publications. Bowden, John] on Amazon.com. Philadelphia, Fortress Press, 1974,2 vols., $34.00 Martin Hengel's newly translated Judaism, and Hellenism offers little in terms of original interpretation or In 1969, Martin Hengel, currently a professor at the University of Tubingen in Germany, published his dissertation, Judaism and Hellenism, which argued all Judaism in this period was Hellenistic Judaism. The book was published in two volumes, with volume one being the book itself, and volume two being the notes and index. The process of reinterpretation led to the several varieties of Hellenistic Judaism. Your recently viewed items and featured recommendations, Select the department you want to search in, Judaism and Hellenism: Studies in their Encounter in Palestine during the Early Hellenistic Period. One of the common intellectual poles that scholars think with when they are trying to understand the lifetime of Jesus is comparing Judaism with Hellenism, Judaism being a Semitic language type of tradition, Hellenism, obviously being a Greek cultural form. Hellenism was a synthesis of Greek (Hellenic) … Most interestingly, the native Near Easterners gravitated as well to the Hellenic arts and sciences and soon took the lead in such disciplines as literature and philosophy. Some scholars consider Paul of Tarsus to be a Hellenist as well, even though he himself clai… A stunning reexamination of one of the essential tenets of Christian belief from one of the most provocative and admired writers on religion today. Please try again. The time was ripe for a new cultural movement. Judaism and Hellenism in antiquity: conflict or confluence? It was a dynamic phenomenon, with the ever-evolving Hellenistic (“Greek‑like”) culture continually becoming the raw material for new syntheses with other native cultures not yet under its sway. Tod Bolsinger brings decades of expertise in guiding churches and organizations through uncharted territory. Martin Hengel gathers an encyclopedic amount of material, ancient and modern, to present an exhaustive survey of the early course of Hellenistic civilization as it related to developing Judaism. Reviewed in the United States on July 8, 2016. An extensive section of notes and bibliography is included. It is not until the end of the 4th century, however, that Jews are first mentioned by Greek writers, who praise them as brave, self-disciplined, and philosophical. The period is characterized by a new wave of Greek colonization which established Greek cities and kingdoms in Asia He is the author of many books including 'Victory Over Violence & Was Jesus a Revolutionist? Unable to add item to List. Question: "What is Hellenism, and how did it influence the early church?" The Remarkable Story of Hellenistic Judaism Perhaps the most consequential of the religious developments that took place in the Hellenistic period were the dramatic growth of Judaism in the Greek-speaking world, and in Judaea itself the beginnings of both Pharisaic and Messianic Judaism. to the death of Cleopatra and the incorporation of Egypt in the Roman Empire in 30 B.C.E. The religion of the Greeks was fused with that of the natives in many different forms and local cults. The first urgent need of the Hellenistic Jews in Alexandria was a Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible. The Jewish response to the crises of Hellenism consisted of a shift in four theological emphases as well as an accentuation of Scripture and the synagogue. Brief content visible, double tap to read full content. Its appearance in English will be warmly applauded by all students of the New Testament and of the so-called intertestamental period. A master of Middle Eastern culture leads readers into a deeper understanding of the significance of Jesus within his own cultural context. The cultural phenomenon that we call Hellenism had a lasting impact on Judaism and the Jewish people. It also analyzes reviews to verify trustworthiness. 2 vols. of Jerusalem) depicts the extent of reciprocal influences of the Greek and Near Eastern cultures in Palestine and the diaspora. Then the Greek party tried to go too fast, make Hellenization obligatory and outlaw the Law. Previous page of related Sponsored Products. dating to the period. Use the Amazon App to scan ISBNs and compare prices. Judaism and Hellenism in 2 Maccabees Martha Himmelfarb Religion, Princeton Abstract 2 Maccabees, the first work to pose an opposition between Judaism and Hellenism, sees Hellenism as a new kind of threat in Jewish history. Hengel's thesis is that Hellenistic influences were, and had been for centuries, smoothly penetrating Judaism even in Jerusalem; there was respect on both sides between Jew and Greek. Judaism and Hellenism Reconsidered Series: Supplements to the Journal for the Study of Judaism, Volume: 107; Author: Louis H. Feldman. The Devil and Karl Marx: Communism's Long March of Death, Deception, and Infiltration, Reading While Black: African American Biblical Interpretation as an Exercise in Hope. Edition Notes Bibliography: v. 2, p. [217]-266. The Books of Enoch: Complete edition: Including (1) The Ethiopian Book of Enoch, (2... To calculate the overall star rating and percentage breakdown by star, we don’t use a simple average. Read this book using Google Play Books app on your PC, android, iOS devices. Important sources are Philo of Alexandria and Flavius Josephus. Judaism and Hellenism studies in their encounter in Palestine during the early Hellenistic period 1st American ed. Humanism had resulted from the primacy attributed to reason in Greek thought. To get the free app, enter your mobile phone number. The major literary product of the contact of Judaism and Hellenistic culture is the Septuagint, as well as the Book of Wisdom, Sirach, apocrypha and pseudepigraphic apocalyptic literature (such as the Assumption of Moses, the Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs, the Book of Baruch, the Greek Apocalypse of Baruch, etc.) Fulfillment by Amazon (FBA) is a service we offer sellers that lets them store their products in Amazon's fulfillment centers, and we directly pack, ship, and provide customer service for these products. Translated by J. Bowden. The Greek emphasis on physical culture and on beauty also spread throughout the Near East. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1981. The following article is reprinted with permission from From Text to Tradition: A History of Second Temple and Rabbinic Judaism (Ktav). Answer: Hellenism is the term used to describe the influence of Greek culture on the peoples the Greek and Roman Empires conquered or interacted with. All Rights Reserved. My Jewish Learning is a not-for-profit and relies on your help. Full content visible, double tap to read brief content. Yet the indigenous peoples did not simply absorb the Hellenic and the Hellenistic; they redefined and reinterpreted their own traditional cultures in light of the “modern” civilization in which they now found themselves. As Hellenism penetrated each new region, an amalgamation of the Hellenistic with the native took place, and this phenomenon resulted in the many different manifestations of Hellenistic culture observable in the Near East over many centuries. All of this was abetted by the polis and its official city cult, in which the Greek and the Near Eastern were in constant symbiosis. Please try again. Among the Jewish people, even as Hellenism was influencing their elite, elementary schools were formed that had enormous impact on the common people. Access codes and supplements are not guaranteed with used items. Hellenism is the term generally used by historians to refer to the period from the death of Alexander the Great (323 B.C.E.) Judaism and Hellenism in Antiquity examines this phenomenon from the aftermath of Alexander s conquest to the Byzantine era, offering a balanced view of the literary, epigraphical, and archeological evidence attesting to the process of Hellenization in Jewish life and its impact on several aspects of Judaism as we know it today. Misreading Scripture with Western Eyes: Removing Cultural Blinders to Better Unders... A History of Western Philosophy and Theology, The Unseen Realm: Recovering the Supernatural Worldview of the Bible, Canoeing the Mountains: Christian Leadership in Uncharted Territory. Comprehensive background study on Hellenism influence on Judaic tradition. Find all the books, read about the author, and more. In his study, Judentum und Hellenismus, he documented that the designation of the apostle Paul exclusively as either Jewish or Hellenistic is a misunderstanding. A renewed interest in textual criticism has created an unfortunate proliferation of myths, mistakes, and misinformation about this technical area... Brandon O'Brien and Randy Richards shed light on the ways that Western readers often misunderstand the cultural dynamics of the Bible. Levine (Jewish history and archaeology, Hebrew Univ. Judaism vs. Hellenism. McCaulley addresses how Scripture speaks to topics often overlooked by white interpreters, such as ethnicity, political protest, and slavery. In Judaism: Myth and legend in the Hellenistic period Judaism entered a new phase in 330 bce, when Alexander the Great completed his conquest of the Middle East. The words Hellenism and Hellenistic have a long history in which the text of the Acts of the Apostles 6:1 plays a central part because it opposes Hebraioi to Hellenistai. ', 'Between Jesus and Paul', 'Judaism and Hellenism', 'Studies in the Gospel of Mark' and 'The Hellenization of Judea in the First Century After Christ'. Concurrently, native Near Eastern civilizations had run their course and were on the decline. Previously, for-eign cultures were perceived as dangerous because of the temptation posed by their gods. From Text to Tradition: A History of Second Temple and Rabbinic Judaism, The Sephardic Exodus to the Ottoman Empire. Judaism and Hellenism : studies in their encounter in Palestine during the Early Hellenistic Period/[by] Martin Hengel ; translated from the German by John Bowden [Hengel, Martin. In the Greek cities, the upper classes of theNear East were acculturated through the schools and other institutions of the Hellenistic world. User Review - Not Available - Book Verdict. The Jewish people—men and women—defied every Greek law with enormous self-sacrifice, yet it was largely by and for the sake of Jewish women that the Maccabees were led to declare war... 14 Comments A Battle of Ideas: Listening or Seeing Top subscription boxes – right to your door, © 1996-2021, Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. The Greeks could not understand why the Jews did not instantly embrace their culture, which catered to the human’s physical desires. The circumstances of Wipf and Stock; Reprint edition (March 14, 2003). If you're a seller, Fulfillment by Amazon can help you grow your business. 2 Maccabees is the first text to present Judaism (ioudaismos) as the antithesis of Hellenism (allophylismos, “an alien way of life” or hellenismos, “the Greek way of life”), a theme that became very popular later in Jewish thought. After viewing product detail pages, look here to find an easy way to navigate back to pages you are interested in. This gave rise to the Hellenistic period, which sought to create a common or universal culture in the Alexandrian empire based on that of fifth-century Athens, along with a fusion of Near Eastern cultures. Learn more about the program. First, since Jerusalem had fallen, the focus shifted from the temple to an emphasis on ethics (Scott, 123). Within his studies of Rabbinic Judaism and the origins of Christianity, Hengel explored the perceived dichotomy between Judaism and Hellenism. Introduction. Translation of Judentum und Hellenismus. Egypt was the last important survivor of the political system which had developed as a consequence both of the victories of Alexander and of his premature death. At its height, Alexandria was the wealthiest, most powerful, most influential and most sophisticated Jewish community. The Greek language was rapidly adopted as a sign of Hellenization. The institutions of the Greek way of life were opened to all who wished to participate. Traditionally, “Hellenistic Judaism” was a designation for Judaism in the Greek-speaking world, including those Jews who spoke Greek and adopted (to some extent) a Greek way of life. The 13-digit and 10-digit formats both work. Establishing a new nation and defending it, Copyright © 2002-2021 My Jewish Learning. JUDAISM AND HELLENISM Judaism and Hellenism: Studies in Their Encounter in Palestine during the Early Hellenistic Period, by Martin Hengel (translated by John Bowden). Man now was at the center of the cosmos rather than merely of the polis (the Greek city) as he had been earlier. We use cookies to improve your experience on our site and bring you ads that might interest you. Judaism and Hellenism: Studies in their Encounter in Palestine during the Early Hellenistic Period - Ebook written by Martin Hengel. The conquests of Alexander in the late fourth century BCE spread Greek culture and colonization—a process of cultural change called Hellenization—over non-Greek lands, including the Levant. Greek culture had by this time developed to its pinnacle. Highly influential book by a world class scholar, Reviewed in the United States on December 23, 2008. There was a problem loading your book clubs. Then you can start reading Kindle books on your smartphone, tablet, or computer - no Kindle device required. They were infuriated by the Jewish refusal to accept Hellenism. It was Alexander’s conquests that made possible theunion between East and West, but in fact there were deeper cultural reasons for the ease with which these two civilizations entered into a symbiotic relationship. How Jews fleeing Spain and Portugal transformed the region. Upon the Jews' return from exile in Babylon, they endeavored to protect their national identity by following the law closely. Martin Hengel, considered one of the top biblical scholars in the world, published this book about 1970. Instead, our system considers things like how recent a review is and if the reviewer bought the item on Amazon. Help others learn more about this product by uploading a video! There was an error retrieving your Wish Lists. Egypt and Mesopotamia apparently produced little of literary or intellectual import in this period, and the widespread interest in new religions observable in the sources indicates a hunger for new means of spiritual fulfillment. The Hellenistic Jewish literature is the best evidence of the influence exercised by Greek thought upon the "people of the book." The Talmud (Menachos 109b) describes a synagogue of immense proportions that the community built. The process and the product of the canonization of the Bible became the basis for a varied tradition of interpretation. 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