The great dignity of marriage, and Christ’s intention for it (1) ." When Mussolini's government introduced anti-Semitic legislation in 1938, Pius denounced it together with all prevalent racial theories. In 1930 he witnessed the reunion of the Syro-Melankarese Christians (of southern India) with Rome. We are Thine and Thine we wish to be; but to be more surely united with Thee, behold each one of us freely consecrates himself today to Thy Most Sacred Heart. pope pius ix (1792-1878), wood engraving, published in 1876 - pope pius xi … PIUS XI. Elected 259th Pope. Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. It was a policy which Pius XII, his successor, was to pursue with unfavorable results during World War II. A learned humanist, Pius founded research establishments and institutes of higher education, including the Pontifical Institute of Christian Archaeology (1925) and the Pontifical Academy of Science (1936). Paul VI (1897-1978) became pope of the Roman Catholic Church in 1963. venerable brethren and beloved children, health and apostolic benediction. During this period, the Vatican became an independent city-state in 1929, which effectively made him its first sovereign. Other contemporaries, such as the later Pope Paul … Pius XI's writings were translated and edited by Edward Bulloch as Essays in History Written between the Years 1890-1912 (1934). Pius XI is also discussed in Carlo Falconi, The Popes in the Twentieth Century (1967; trans. Pius XI, a student of Hebrew, was responsible for the three major encyclicals against the totalitarian systems that challenged Christian principles: Non abbiamo bisogno (1931; “We Do Not Need to Acquaint You”) against the abuses of fascist Italy; Mit brennender sorge (1937; “With Deep Anxiety”) against Nazi Germany, and Divini redemptoris (1937; “Divine Redeemer”) against the ends of atheistic communism. He made great efforts to organize the laity, first in Italy and then throughout the whole church, calling for “specialized movements” and particularly encouraging Catholic Action (the “Jocists”), a Christian youth organization for the working classes. The first crisis facing Pius XI concerned the newly born Fascist movement led by Benito Mussolini. "Pius XI Pius XI also gave his approval to specialised movements like the Jocists, associations of young Catholic indust… Updates? He elaborated on Leo's teachings concerning social reform and the economic structure of human society in relation to religious belief and practice. His tenure as the head of the church began in February 1922 and ended with his death in February 1939. Surpassing his predecessors in support of overseas missions, he required every religious order to engage actively in this work, with the result that missionaries doubled their number during his pontificate. © 2019 Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. ." Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. Further Reading on Pius XI. Consequently, Pius XI's words were not printed in contemporary Vatican publications, but they were recorded and published in Belgium and elsewhere. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Encyclopedia of World Biography. Pope Pius XI was born on May 31, 1857 in Desio, Lombardy-Venetia, Austrian Empire as Ambrogio Damiano Achille Ratti. Benedict XV and Pius XI are the only two popes of the 20th century who have not been canonized, or whose cause has not been introduced. Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. Encyclopedia.com. Ambrogio Damiano Achille Ratti, who became Pius XI, was born at Desio near Milan, Italy, on May 31, 1857. Pope Pius XI announces the encyclical in the Christmas Eve Sermon to the Cardinals and Prelates of the Roman Curia. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pius-XI, Jewish Virtual Library - Biography of Pius XI. Pius XI (1857-1939) was pope from 1922 to 1939. □. Almost 84 years later, his analysis, so far from being outdated, finds disturbing relevance to our own time and place. Pope Pius XI, Self: Il santo padre ti parla!. Pius XI's writings were translated and edited by Edward Bulloch as Essays in History Written between the Years 1890-1912 (1934). 1968). By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. He equally encouraged historians and liturgiologists to study Eastern Christianity, inaugurating the work of codifying Eastern canon law. 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