This was the largest Jewish concentration at that time and most Ashkenazy Jews today will find their ancestors enumerated in this census. https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2015/04/how-europeans-evolved-white-skin The gaunt moors of Clare, the stark mountains and sedgy glens and wild bays of Connemara, and the windy hills and valleys about them, have a tragical look. Between 1891 and 1892 thousands of Jews were expelled from Moscow and forced to return to the Pale. You feel they could never have been prosperous; and they never were, for Connaught has always been full of battles and sorrows. Pale, (from Latin palus, “stake”), district separated from the surrounding country by defined boundaries or distinguished by a different administrative and legal system. This boundary could be described as England’s version of Hadrian’s Wall. Originally formed in 1791 by Russia’s Catherine II, the Pale of Settlement was a region designated for Jews. Some Jews were allowed to live, as a concession, 'beyond the pale'. It is this definition of pale from which the phrase “beyond the pale” is derived. The motivation behind this was to restrict trade between Jews and native Russians. The majority of the province of Meath became part of the county although more northern areas were integrated into Ulster counties. The Pale had its origin in the 15 th century with the construction of a boundary enclosing an area surrounding Dublin. Overall, there were 236 districts in the Pale. List of 109 locations whence Jews have been expelled since AD250 and UN Resolutions against Israel Vetoed by US from September, 1972 to May, 1990 To these were soon added the Lithuanian governments of Wilna and Grodno; and in 1799 the Pale was further augmented by the addition of Courland. The Pale of Settlement had 25 provinces, Guberniia in Russian (see my map). Pales were enforced in various other European countries for similar political reasons, notably in Ireland (the Pale of Dublin) and France (the Pale of Calais, which was formed as early as 1360). The territories of the Russian Empire in which Jews were permitted permanent settlement. Each province had between 4 to 15 districts within it, known as uezd. For political, economic, and religious reasons, very few Jews were allowed to live elsewhere. Unfounded suspicions of Jewish involvement in the assassination of Alexander II led to a wave of pogroms, outbreaks of mob violence directed specifically … The Irish Pale was an appropriate contrast to the English one. Once a star signing, Aldridge out with Spurs 1855. The Pale Published in Oughterany, 1993. The Pale of Settlement, ca. In 1804 Jews were given access to the governments of Astrakhan and Caucasia; but at the end of the reign of Alexander I. and in the reign of Nicholas I. the extent of the Pale was diminished. 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