He kissed the children, talked much and smiled at every thing. One critic summed up his career by comparing him disadvantageously to the great poets of the age—William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, John Keats, and Alfred, Lord Tennyson—yet he took care to comment that though the American could not match their idiosyncratic strengths, he was “the one among all our contemporaries who has written the fewest things carelessly, and the most things well.”. When his precocious son began stringing couplets, Dr. Bryant took delighted notice. As the necessity of keeping to a schedule would suggest, the quality of his submissions was highly uneven. A park in East York, a suburb of Toronto, Canada, bears the name of Cullen Bryant Park as well. Ever since meeting Cubans during his early months in New York, Bryant had nursed a romantic vision of that Caribbean island, but his observation of slavery as practiced there, made more terrible by the execution of a slave before his eyes, shattered those youthful illusions. His father had brought a copy home from Boston, perhaps because, as a devoted student of poetry, he felt obliged to acquaint himself with this boldly different address to its art and subject matter. Bryant agreed, though he soon wearied of the task of furnishing “the most tedious of all reading.” The two parts were published in 1872 and 1874. He was one of a group of founders of New York Medical College. Close ties with Lorenzo Da Ponte, Mozart’s great librettist who had moved to New York from London and had made promotion of Italian opera his mission, introduced Bryant to this art during his first year in the city, while the busy editor studied Italian. Bryant no doubt felt an affinity with the ill-starred young Scotsman who had eluded his doom as a lawyer only to perish, it was said, from too assiduous dedication to study. Raised in Gibson County, he had 5 brothers and 2 sisters. At once, new vexations arose: William Coleman’s widow demanded immediate payment from him on the mortgage she held for the newspaper, and the Jackson administration failed to make good a promised diplomatic appointment. When he and Leupp returned to New York for seven weeks before sailing for Liverpool, he again glimpsed mankind’s worst aspects. “Thanatopsis,” if not the best-known American poem abroad before the mid 19th century, certainly ranked near the top of the list, and at home school children were commonly required to recite it from memory. "Bryant, William Cullen," by Richard Henry Stoddard in Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography, New York: D. Appleton and Co. (1900) "Bryant, William Cullen," in A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature, by John William Cousin, London: J. M. Dent & Sons (1910) Then news arrived that Leggett was physically and perhaps mentally ill; to save his investment in the paper, Bryant sailed for home, alone, in early 1836. When a rift over succession to the editorship at the, In the spring, Bryant’s boosters from the, The 20th century judged “The Ages” harshly; even the poet’s major adherents omitted it from their collections of Bryant’s works. National economic woes further hurt revenues, and the Evening Post did not regain its financial footing until 1839. In addition, his wife’s health was giving him concern, and he thought the sun of Southern Europe might be beneficial. Typhus, or a typhus-like illness, besieged the Worthington area that year. Addressing Jefferson as “the scorn of every patriot name, / The country’s ruin, and her council’s shame,” he cited cowardice before “perfidious Gaul” and the rumors of a dalliance with the “sable” Sally Hemings as reasons for Jefferson to “resign the presidential chair” and “search, with curious eye, for horned frogs, / ‘Mongst the wild wastes of Louisianian bogs.” Dr. Bryant proudly urged his son to extend his efforts, and when the legislator returned to Boston after the holiday recess, he circulated the poem among his Federalist friends—including a poet of minor reputation who joined the father in editing and polishing the work. After two years, most of these poems appeared as The White-Footed Deer and Other Poems, 10 items in a slim paperback edition meant to launch the Home Library, a series Bryant and Evert Duykinck conceived to promote American writers. The debut of this new voice, however, was clouded by confusion. Through Charles Sedgwick, a fellow attorney whom he had known at Williams, Bryant had met the other three brothers and their sister Catharine—all intellectuals devoted to literature. The two sailed to Savannah, then to Charleston, from where, after visiting Bryant’s good friend, the novelist William Gilmore Simms, they embarked for Cuba. Although he is now thought of as a New Englander,[citation needed] Bryant, for most of his lifetime, was thoroughly a New Yorker—and a very dedicated one at that. He had discovered in early adolescence a strong attraction to sketching; now, in the presence of artists determined to create a new age of American painting, this interest revived. In proclaiming a messianic America, Bryant implicitly built a case for literary nationalism as the means of expressing America’s purpose: if “The Ages” was the necessary poem, Bryant was the necessary poet. If he only rarely excused himself from the rigor of poring over the black letter pages of Littleton and Coke to write verse, it is also clear that he more freely closed his books to enjoy himself. At no time prior to the Civil War was the Union so threatened with dissolution. His father was a doctor and later served as a state legislature. After the election, however, Bryant criticized Lincoln for not immediately emancipating all slaves, and then for not prosecuting the war vigorously enough. That plan, too, proved ill-starred: the French stopped the ship at sea and Dr. Bryant was interned for almost a year in Mauritius. He was also the nephew of Charity Bryant, a Vermont seamstress who is the subject of Rachel Hope Cleves's 2014 book Charity and Sylvia: A Same-Sex Marriage in Early America. / My works unnotic’d, and unknown my name!”—it nonetheless indicated his grand ambitions. 1821, however, was its ideal moment. A second, expanded edition included Bryant's translation of classical verse. In the 19th century, however, when the idea of America’s global Manifest Destiny rallied much popular support, it fared considerably better. Supposedly stories told by visitors to the waters at Ballston, New York, Tales of the Glauber-Spa includes two by Bryant: “The Skeleton’s Cave,” a long piece evidently influenced by Cooper, and “Medfield,” a moral tale, autobiographically based, about a good man guilty of one shameful act when he had lost his temper. [12], Although literary historians have neglected his fiction, Bryant's stories over the seven-year period from his time with the Review to the publication of Tales of Glauber Spa in 1832 show a variety of strategies, making him the most inventive of practitioners of the genre during this early stage of its evolution. After a month’s farming for the family, he enrolled in a school in Plainfield, a few miles directly north of Cummington. Without pausing, he moved on The Odyssey, produced with similar alacrity over the next couple of years. When Parsons, politely apologizing, offered $200 per year for a monthly average submission of 100 lines of verse, Bryant happily accepted. In the 1860 presidential election, he elected Lincoln and Hannibal Hamlin as a presidential elector. Beginning with patriotic invocation of the Revolution and concluding with a charge to “Keep bright mansions ever in our eyes, / Press tow’rds the mark and seize the glorious prize,” it rapidly became a standard selection for school recitations in the region. In 1817 his father took some pages of verse from his son's desk, and at the invitation of Willard Phillips, an editor of the North American Review who had previously been tutored in the classics by Dr. Bryant, he submitted them along with his own work. Even “To —– ” (subsequently retitled “Consumption”)—a sonnet composed in 1824 while his most beloved sibling, Sarah, lay dying—spoils a tender, personal expression of despair with a trite rhyme in a banal last line. If, in itself, the stipend he earned was not sufficient, it showed that it might at last be possible to earn a living in the publications world. A curious happenstance in Boston, however, would work to weaken Themis’s hold. Though still a nominal Congregationalist–who, moreover, continued to pay his tithe—he had rejected the core of Christian dogma, but these verses, while no more traditional than the Unitarian church, show him edging toward accommodation with conventional belief.). In the process, the Evening-Post also became the pillar of a substantial fortune. When Peter Bryant, elected as representative to the state legislature in 1806, conveyed the political passions of Boston in his letters and his trips home to Cummington, Cullen absorbed the excitement, styling his juvenile understanding according to the father’s Federalist partisanship. William Cullen Bryant’s reserve and his guarded nature throughout life undoubtedly were schooled by the familial constraints of his one home until he departed to practice law at 22. The impression left is one of a pleasurable sadness. Peter Bryant was not much impressed, but to his son, it was a revelation. American literature was showing its first signs of maturity, but it still missed a poet whose work could stand comparison with British rivals; “The Ages” nominated Bryant as that poet. He is buried at Roslyn Cemetery in Roslyn, New York.[16]. A letter to a friend records his distress: it speaks of farming or a trade, possibly even blacksmithing—an implausible option given spells of pulmonary weakness and his recurrent headaches—as preferable to the law should he not realize his wish to resume under-graduate studies in New Haven the next term. A lifelong homoeopath—he had been taught herbal medicine by his father—he published. Thoughts of the evildoers “left to cumber earth” affront tender memories of the father, and the injustice causes him to shudder at the hymn he has written, yet he refuses to erase its stanzas: “let them stand, / The record of an idle revery.” Despite the enfeebling calculated ambiguity of its finale, “Hymn to Death” is more charged with passion than any verse Bryant would ever again write. William Cullen Bryant, (born Nov. 3, 1794, Cummington, Mass., U.S.—died June 12, 1878, New York City), poet of nature, best remembered for “Thanatopsis,” and editor for 50 years of the New York Evening Post. Indeed, he was careful to screen his poetic activities, lest the local inhabitants think he entertained lofty notions about himself or lacked a proper seriousness. His father was a doctor and a state legislator by profession. In prayer services he conducted for his family every morning and every evening, he made certain that religious precepts informed the Bryant children’s upbringing. After clarification of the authorship, the son's poems began appearing with some regularity in the Review. Several friends were stricken, but the suffering and death of a particular young woman plunged him into melancholy. The New York of that time rather resembled the cities of Europe in its evolution of a cultural coterie, and Bryant had rapidly become one of its most prestigious members. This shows in this book of poems, and Bryant was definitely America's Romantic poet. The newspaper’s demands on Bryant’s attention and energy during the 1830s had left none of either for poetry, but once the, —yet he took care to comment that though the American could not match their idiosyncratic strengths, he was “the one among all our contemporaries who has written the fewest things carelessly, and the most things well.”, Aware in his later years that his originality had ebbed, Bryant revisited the Classical magnificence he had loved as a youth. XXII” before sending it to the printer during the first weeks of 1809 as one of the supplementary poems in the second edition of The Embargo. Bryant and his family moved to a new home when he was two years old. The thoroughly Wordsworthian “Winter Scenes” (later retitled “A Winter Piece”) suffers from comparison to its model in tilting much more toward recollection than emotion; that notwithstanding, it is good enough to be mistaken for portions of The Prelude, which would not appear in print for another three decades. [21] He had close affinities with the Hudson River School of art and was an intimate friend of Thomas Cole. Peter Bryant’s retreat from traditional Christianity exerted the greater influence, however: his devotion to the ancient writers reflected a humanistic view of life, which he transmitted to his son. For additional information about the Homestead, visit The Trustees of Reservations William Cullen Bryant Homestead website. The New York of that time rather resembled the cities of Europe in its evolution of a cultural coterie, and Bryant had rapidly become one of its most prestigious members. The serene vista of the Westfield River Valley served as lifelong inspiration for William Cullen Bryant, who was editor and publisher of the New York Evening Post for many years, and whose meditative verse influenced the 19th-century land conservation movement that included Frederick Law Olmsted and Charles Eliot, founder of The Trustees. The poem has always affected me in a remarkable manner. Young Cullen, a captive of both his father’s politics and his enthusiasm for Augustan poetry, fused the two in scathing verse. During these same months, he joined the governing committee of the Apollo Association (soon renamed the American Art Union); two years later, and twice thereafter, the organization tapped him to be its chief. When a letter from Channing in June 1821 apologized for “soliciting literary favours” that would interrupt his duties, Bryant replied that none was due “to one who does not follow the study of law very eagerly, because he likes other studies better; and yet devotes little of his time to them, for fear that they should give him a dislike to law.” For two years after he had completed “The Ages” and seen Poems praised, no alternative to reluctant fealty to his practice appeared possible. Updated: September 18, 2020 After just one year at Williams College (he entered with sophomore standing), he hoped to transfer to Yale, but a talk with his father led to the realization that family finances would not support it. His most sustained new project during the year was an essay, “On the Happy Temperament,” which, contrary to what its title might suggest, scorned unbroken cheerfulness as a manifestation of insensibility. View phone numbers, addresses, public records, background check reports and possible arrest records for William Cullen Bryant. Western Massachusetts in that period generally eschewed the liberal religious ideas that fanned out from Boston; its dour orthodoxies looked to the more conservative Calvinism of New Haven and the Albany area of upstate New York. In addition, two causes for which he had crusaded elected him to their presidencies: the American Copyright Club (which he addressed in 1843) and the New York Society for the Abolition of the Punishment of Death. Only 31 when he presented his lectures, Bryant seemed the best candidate to realize the future he described, but a job he believed temporary and supplementary when he began it in July ordained a different course. Under his father's tutelage, he emulated Alexander Pope and other Neo-Classic British poets. Ancestors are from the United States, the United Kingdom, England, the Kingdom of England. Instead, he turned once again to writing poetry, both to work through his discomfiture and to compensate for it. Besides his “more laborious academic studies,” he delved into his father’s medical library, “became a pretty good chemist” by reading Lavoisier and performing experiments, and perused Linnaeus to gain a basic knowledge of botany. The William Cullen Bryant Homestead, his boyhood home, is now a museum. His last publisher, Appleton, aware that Bryant’s name now guaranteed a handsome sale, asked him to write the text for, Michael P. Branch, "WCB: The Nature Poet As Environmental Journalist,". Greatly aided by both his father’s counsel and his collection, the 23 -year-old did not disappoint. Once he had counted on his facility as the key to winning fame; now he wrote seeking clarity for himself. He assiduously worked on the Iliad and The Odyssey from 1871 to 1874. Also, Godwin had already begun a pattern of leaving the paper, rejoining it, and then leaving again. That exertion enhanced his standing in party councils, and in 1860, he was one of the prime Eastern exponents of Abraham Lincoln, whom he introduced at Cooper Union. Writing poetry at a steady pace for the, A visit to Robert Sedgwick in New York almost a half year before the obnoxious court ruling had, in fact, already waked thoughts of departing from the Berkshires. Obviously, Bryant was reexamining his religious beliefs, but there is nothing tentative about the perception his poem describes. It has been designated a National Historic Landmark. On January 11, 1821,[6] Bryant, still striving to build a legal career, married Frances Fairchild. Although Cullen had proved himself an assiduous scholar, he had much left to master as a young adult trying to determine his place in the world—and his two and a half years at Worthington may have been more instructive than college. If, given his age, the pose he struck in a poem composed in 1807 was patently absurd—“Ah me! neglected on the list of fame! An inquisitive child, Cullen learned to make a companion of thoughts stimulated by nature. Even so, his fiction deserves more respect than it has received. Four years later, he was a principal supporter of Abraham Lincoln, and after the Civil War began, he became a forceful advocate of abolition. Unluckily, while his literary fortunes were in ascendence, sorrows battered his personal life. Frank Gado, ed., in conjunction with Nicholas B. Stevens. His most conspicuous achievement as a student, Descriptio Gulielmopolis, satirically expressed discontent with Williamstown and living conditions at the college; still more disappointing was the absence of intellectual zest among “pale-faced, moping students [who] crawl / Like spectral monuments of woe.” The academic program offered little stimulation: only two tutors were responsible for instruction of all sophomores, and the courses were far afield of his interests. By spring, they were lending assistance to complex negotiations that would make him the editor of a merged journal, the New-York Review and Atheneum Magazine. In April, his best childhood friend had coaxed Bryant into supplying a poem for his wedding, even though it meant breaking his pledge to abstain from writing verse while studying law. A more balanced assessment is Harry H… 67390342, citing Pine Hill Cemetery, Corbin, Knox County, Kentucky, USA ; Maintained by Linda Inman (contributor 48147181) . Car. William Cullen Bryant High School. Instead, he turned once again to writing poetry, both to work through his discomfiture and to compensate for it. William Cullen Bryant was our " first American writer of verse to win international acclaim." William Cullen Bryant was without doubt the leading poet of his generation, and not only did he gain fans in America but further abroad as well. In comparison, his original work was meager. Even so, his fiction deserves more respect than it has received. The prodigy who had written, During the same period, Bryant also fell under the sway of the so-called Graveyard Poets. Robert Sands’s sudden death in December 1832 deprived him of a dear friend, and the effects of political attacks on the conduct of the Evening Post during the following months exacted a still heavier psychic toll. Except for Benjamin Franklin, no American writer had managed to support himself and his family with his pen, however meanly, and verse was patently an occupation for idlers. He started off appreciating Pope, but when his dad came back home with a copy of Lyrical Ballads 1798 he soon became enthralled by the poetry, especially of Wordsworth. William Cullen is the son of George Washington and Mary Jane Bishop Bryant. William Cullen Bryant High School in Long Island City, New York is also named in his honor. In late life, Bryant the editor and political sage had eclipsed the poet in the public’s mind. Despite having lamented a recent proliferation of Indian narratives, he fed the public’s appetite with “An Indian Story” and “Monument Mountain,” as well as another meditation on the displacement of one race by another in “An Indian at the Burial-Place of His Fathers.” He evinced boldness by very few experiments with metrical irregularity, which had been one of his salient concerns. Lib. As a man of letters, too, though no longer consequential, he remained active. For four months her husband cared for her himself with homeopathic treatment that he was convinced saved her life. My two favorite poems are To A Waterfowl and Thanatopsis. Beginning in 1810–11, however, a surge of wholly new influences changed his understanding of poetry. The Northampton Hampshire Gazette had published several of his poems, including a 54 line exhortation to his schoolmates he had drafted three years earlier. More important, for all his protestations about having to “drudge for the Evening Post,” politics fascinated him. Because the poems submitted were in two different handwritings, the editors assumed for many months following their September publication that they were the work of two different poets: father and son. All things that are on earth shall wholly pass away, Except the love of God, which shall live and last for aye. Bryant died in 1878 of complications from an accidental fall suffered after participating in a Central Park ceremony to honor Italian patriot Giuseppe Mazzini. CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (, "The improbable, 200-year-old story of one of America's first same-sex 'marriages'", "Steel engraved prints from 'Picturesque America' by William Cullen Bryant 1872–1874: Some Background Information About the Author: W. C. Bryant and the Prints", A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature, "THE SKELETON'S CAVE" by William Cullen Bryant; taken from "Tales of Glauber Spa" (1832), Essay on William Cullen Bryant by Wynn Yarborough, Mr. Lincoln and Friends: William Cullen Bryant, "Perspectives in American Literature - A Research and Reference Guide - An Ongoing Project", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_Cullen_Bryant&oldid=1011490494, Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Hall of Fame for Great Americans inductees, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2008, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from SBDEL with no article parameter, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with multiple identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 11 March 2021, at 04:45. This shift in attention was not altogether unhappy. [10] According to newspaper historian Frank Luther Mott, Bryant was "a great liberal seldom done justice by modern writers". In addition, Bryant had come to know William Dunlap, both a painter and an eminent figure in New York theater. Preoccupation with the conduct of his law office may not have been the only impediment. “The Legend of the Devil’s Pulpit,” probably suggested by Sands, has a rather flawed plot, but there is a sprightliness to the lampooning of local figures that appealed to readers. Alas, Sir, the Muse was my first love and the remains of that passion which not rooted out yet chilled into extinction will always I fear cause me to look coldly on the severe beauties of Themis. The third, in blank verse, was unquestionably his finest poetic achievement of the year, but “A Forest Hymn” represents more than a sure skill; it also shows the poet shifting in the direction of religious orthodoxy. Ebenezer Snell, a deacon in the Congregationalist church, studied theological writers and was as intractable in his interpretation of scripture as in his rulings as a local magistrate. I. But this absurdity only precipitated a decision toward which he had been moving inexorably. William Cullen Bryant. To be sure, he was primarily a poet, and the first annual did have something of the character of a lark. The two friends happily left these terrible scenes behind as they headed for Europe, and they spent delightful weeks in the Scottish remoteness. Even so, Bryant was a beloved and highly influential figure. Essay by Wynn Yarborough, 1994. M. Evrard insisted that he attend mass for his soul’s salvation and tried to convert him to Catholicism, yet Bryant, respecting the man’s ebullient nature and good heart, took it all in good stride, and when Fanny and their daughter moved to the city, they joined the crowded Evrard household for about a month. 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