(2020, August 26). Updates? Let us know. Omissions? The two sides met at Stirling Bridge. The next year, the Scots, led by William Wallace, predictably rose in revolt against English rule. Kennedy Hickman is a historian, museum director, and curator who specializes in military and naval history. Les Anglais possédaient 6 350 soldats à pied (dont la plupart étaient aussi archers) et 350 cavaliers lourds. The Battle of Stirling Bridge was one of the series of conflicts of the Wars of Scottish Independence. The Battle of Stirling Bridge was part of the First War of Scottish Independence. Seeing Wallace's victory, the Earl of Lennox and James Stewart, the High Steward of Scotland, who been supporting the English, withdrew with their men and joined the Scottish ranks. The battle of Stirling Bridge was fought on the 11th September 1297 between an English army commanded by John de Warenne, 7th Earl of Surrey and an army of Scottish rebels under the leadership of Andrew of Moray and William Wallace.. Given the success at Dunbar the previous year, English confidence was high and Surrey expected a short campaign. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. It is the high point of the campaign of William Wallace and Andrew Moray on behalf of the exiled John Balliol, and leads to Wallace's appointment as Guardian of the Realm of Scotland. The Battle of Stirling Bridge was part of the First War of Scottish Independence. The Battle of Stirling Bridge is significant as one of the most prominent Scottish victories of the Wars of Independence. Arriving in the Ochil Hills overlooking the River Forth near Stirling, the two commanders awaited the English army. The Battle of Stirling Bridge, 1297 Clever tactics helped a small Scottish army led by William Wallace and Andrew Murray defeated a much larger English army in Stirling on 11 September, 1297. Wallace defeated King Edward in this great military victory, which established him as the legitimate leader of Scottish resistance. Many successes for infantry over cavalry would follow in the fourteenth century. This 4 arch span bridge has been around since the 16th century, but is not the bridge where our hero William Wallace defeated the English. Don’t Forget September 11 – Battle of Stirling Bridge On this day in 1297, William Wallace led his troops to victory at the Battle of Stirling Bridge. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. After conveying this information, Lundie asked permission to take a force across the ford to flank the Scottish position. Its 719th anniversary this weekend is being celebrated with a host of activities. The page shown features an account of the famous Battle of Stirling Bridge on 11 September 1297, when the forces of William Wallace and Andrew de Moray defeated the combined English forces of John de Warenne, 7th earl of Surrey, and Hugh de Cressynghame, near Stirling on … Undoubtedly the best-known of these was one that stood nearby in the 1290s, when Sir William Wallace and Sir Andrew Moray defeated Edward I’s forces at the Battle of Stirling Bridge in 1297. Continuing on, English forces routed Balliol and the Scottish army at the Battle of Dunbar the following month. The Scots attempted to sidestep this demand by replying that as there was no king, there was no one to make such a concession. The Battle of Stirling Bridge was therefore the forerunner to Bruce’s great victory at the Battle of Bannockburn, in which he would go on to earn his place as monarch of an independent Scotland. Battle of Stirling bridge September 11, 1297. With the failure of the House of Canmore in Scotland, Edward I of England supported the installation of John Balliol as a vassal king of Scotland. The kings of England repeatedly sought to extend their rule north of the border into Scotland. When approximately 5,400 had crossed the bridge, the Scots attacked and swiftly encircled the English, gaining control of the north end of the bridge. This contribution has not yet been formally edited by Britannica. Battle of Stirling Bridge, (11 September 1297). The Scottish lords gave Edward I the task of choosing a new king. That same year, Edward demanded that Scottish nobles provide military service and support for his war against France. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). This situation left him with no troops to send north against the Scots. Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership, https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Stirling-Bridge, Britain Express - Battle of Stirling Bridge. These articles have not yet undergone the rigorous in-house editing or fact-checking and styling process to which most Britannica articles are customarily subjected. https://www.thoughtco.com/scottish-independence-battle-of-stirling-bridge-2360736 (accessed April 3, 2021). The knights soon floundered in the marshy ground and many thousands of them were killed. His power was short-lived, as he was defeated by a King Edward I and a larger English army in 1298, at the Battle of Falkirk. Opposing the English was a new Scottish army led by Wallace and Moray. Over the next five years, he effectively treated Scotland as a vassal state. This bridge that would give its name to the battle: Stirling Bridge. Battle of Stirling Bridge, (11 September 1297). Though the matter, known as the "Great Cause", had been resolved, Edward continued to exert power and influence over Scotland. Articles such as this one were acquired and published with the primary aim of expanding the information on Britannica.com with greater speed and efficiency than has traditionally been possible. In 1295 there was a rebellion, leading to an English campaign involving the … Concerned about the growing rebellion in Scotland, the Earl of Surrey and Hugh de Cressingham moved north to put down the revolt. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. By using ThoughtCo, you accept our. The English lost approximately 6,000 killed and wounded. It was an ignominious defeat. The battle of stirling bridge 1. The narrow wooden bridge offered the safest river crossing as the Forth widened to the east and the treacherous marshland of Flanders Moss lay to the west. It was the main crossing point across the River Forth, effectively connecting the northern and southern parts of the country. Contemporary English chronicler Walter of Guisborough recorded the English losses in the battle as 100 cavalry and 5,000 infantry killed.Scottish casualties in the battle are unrecorded, with the exception of Andrew Moray. It was to be some time, though, before this lesson was fully absorbed. The battle of Stirling Bridge witnessed the rout of a conventional English force, with its heavy cavalry, by a force of foot soldiers. Battle of Sterling Bridge The Battle of Stirling Bridge took place on September 11, 1297, when the Scottish forces of Andrew de Moray and William Wallace defeated the combined English forces of John de Warenne, 7th Earl of Surrey and Hugh de Cressingham near Stirling, on the River Forth. the battle of stirling bridge september 11th 1297 With many of his Barons hostile, Edward was desperately trying to raise an army to use against France. The kings of England repeatedly sought to extend their rule north of the border into Scotland. MORE FROM SCOTLAND MAGAZINE. William Wallace's forces were victorious at Stirling Bridge on September 11, 1297. The present Stirling Old Bridge was built in the 1400s or 1500s, replacing a succession of timber bridges. William Wallace's forces were victorious at Stirling Bridge on September 11, 1297. Scottish casualties at the Battle of Stirling Bridge were not recorded, however they are believed to have been relatively light. Interested in participating in the Publishing Partner Program? Corrections? He has appeared on The History Channel as a featured expert. Unable to send sizable reinforcements across the narrow bridge, Surrey was forced to watch his entire vanguard be destroyed by Wallace and Moray's men. ThoughtCo, Aug. 26, 2020, thoughtco.com/scottish-independence-battle-of-stirling-bridge-2360736. Attempted to swim back across the Bridge. 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