[35] Per the 1765 Treaty of Allahabad following the battle of Buxar, East India company was appointed imperial tax collector of the Mughal emperor in the province of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa, while Mughal-appointed Nawabs continued to rule the province. [27], The discovery and archaeological study of Chandraketugarh, 35 kilometres (22 mi) north of Kolkata, provide evidence that the region in which the city stands has been inhabited for over two millennia. The city is recognised for its appreciation of Rabindra sangeet (songs written by Rabindranath Tagore) and Indian classical music, with important concerts and recitals, such as Dover Lane Music Conference, being held throughout the year; Bengali popular music, including baul folk ballads, kirtans and Gajan festival music; and modern music, including Bengali-language adhunik songs. The city and its port were bombed several times by the Japanese between 1942 and 1944, during World War II. [179], Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport, located in Dum Dum, about 16 km (9.9 mi) north-east of the city centre, operates domestic and international flights. National Teams. [111] The final population totals of census 2011 stated the population of city as 4,496,694. Several well-maintained major buildings from the colonial period have been declared "heritage structures";[226] others are in various stages of decay. A demographically diverse city, the culture of Kolkata features idiosyncrasies that include distinctively close-knit neighbourhoods (paras) and freestyle conversations (adda). In 1985, prime minister Rajiv Gandhi dubbed Kolkata a "dying city" in light of its socio-political woes. India Finance", "West Bengal Human Development Report 2004", "Better Integrated Transport Modes will Help Reinvent Kolkata", "Kolkata has 9,600 millionaires, $290 billion in total wealth", "Mumbai richest Indian city with total wealth of $820 billion, Delhi comes second: Report", "India's riptide of modern aspiration has not reached Kolkata – but that can't last", "A Nobel habit: How Kolkata keeps producing winners", "checkout the list of Nobel Prize winners from Kolkata", "Economist Abhijit Banerjee is the sixth Nobel winner with a Kolkata connection", "Abhijit Banerjee is not the first Nobel laureate with a Kolkata connection – here are the others", "Pre-Raj crown on Clive House: abode of historical riches to be museum", "Job Charnock not Kolkata founder: HC says city has no foundation day", Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians, "A portrait of Black Town: Balthazard Solvyns in Calcutta, 1791–1804", "The bombing of Calcutta by the Japanese", "Pacific War timeline: New Zealanders in the Pacific War", New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage, A copy of a secret report written on 22 August 1946 to the Viceroy Lord Wavell, from Sir Frederick John Burrows, concerning the Calcutta riots, "PIA01844: space radar image of Calcutta, West Bengal, India", Situation analysis. [71] The West Bengal Secretariat, General Post Office, Reserve Bank of India, Calcutta High Court, Lalbazar Police Headquarters and several other government and private offices are located there. Electronic Football England. [76][77] Both Bidhannagar and New Town are situated outside the Kolkata Municipal Corporation limits, in their own municipalities. [263][264][265] Bengali-language 24-hour television news channels include ABP Ananda, Tara Newz, Kolkata TV, 24 Ghanta and Kolkata TV. [175] The city has witnessed a steady increase in the number of registered vehicles; 2002 data showed an increase of 44% over a period of seven years. These rights were transferred to the East India Company in 1698. Men's Football. 2 April 2021 11:00am-1:40pm Round 1 President Function â Player Calcutta Function Room, Grand Central Tavern [201][202] Schools in Kolkata follow the "10+2+3" plan. Hindi and Urdu are spoken by a sizeable minority. [238] During the 19th and 20th centuries, Bengali literature was modernised through the works of authors such as Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay, Michael Madhusudan Dutt, Rabindranath Tagore, Kazi Nazrul Islam and Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay. In 1856 the Bengal Government appointed George Turnbull to be the Commissioner of Drainage and Sewerage to improve the city's sewerage. [128]:41 The total fertility rate in Kolkata was 1.4, the lowest among the eight cities surveyed. [127]:92[98]:5 According to the 2005 National Family Health Survey, around 14% of the households in Kolkata were poor, while 33% lived in slums, indicating a substantial proportion of households in slum areas were better off economically than the bottom quarter of urban households in terms of wealth status. [57][58][59] In the 2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election, Left Front was defeated by the Trinamool Congress. Kolkata is known as the "cultural capital of India" for the city's historical and architectural significance. [117] The Chinese community traditionally worked in the local tanning industry and ran Chinese restaurants. North Kolkata is the oldest part of the city. [150] As of 2012[update], the city had 16 fire stations. England 6-11 Scotland: Stuart Hogg 'chuffed' as Scotland re-write history at Twickenham. FlashScore.com provides all ISL 2020/2021 fixtures, live scores and final results with current standings, head-to-head stats and odds comparison. [237] Its long tradition of art films includes globally acclaimed film directors such as Academy Award-winning director Satyajit Ray, Ritwik Ghatak, Mrinal Sen, Tapan Sinha and contemporary directors such as Aparna Sen, Buddhadeb Dasgupta, Goutam Ghose and Rituparno Ghosh. [123] The remainder of the population includes Sikhs, Buddhists, and other religions which accounts for 0.45% of the population; 1.09% did not state a religion in the census. [75], Kolkata is subject to a tropical wet-and-dry climate that is designated Aw under the Köppen climate classification. [207] An Institute of National Importance, BESU was converted to India's first IIEST. [140][141] The Kolkata district elects two representatives to India's lower house, the Lok Sabha, and 11 representatives to the state legislative assembly. The League office and the Baker Hostel building were turned into refugee camps and the Islamia College gate was kept open for those fleeing attacks. [28][29] Kolkata's recorded history began in 1690 with the arrival of the English East India Company, which was consolidating its trade business in Bengal. [204] The colleges are each affiliated with a university or institution based either in Kolkata or elsewhere in India. [298][299] The Beighton Cup, an event organised by the Bengal Hockey Association and first played in 1895, is India's oldest field hockey tournament; it is usually held on the Mohun Bagan Ground of the Maidan. [128]:47 The infant mortality rate in Kolkata was 41 per 1,000 live births, and the mortality rate for children under five was 49 per 1,000 live births. [128]:105 In 2005, Kolkata had the highest percentage (55%) among the surveyed cities of anaemic women, while 20% of the men in Kolkata were anaemic. Dance accompanied by Rabindra Sangeet, a music genre started by Rabindranath Tagore, Sandesh, a typical Bengali sweet made from chhena, A murti, or representation, of the goddess Durga shown during the Durga Puja festival, Kolkata Gate, also known as Biswa Bangla Gate, The first newspaper in India, the Bengal Gazette started publishing from the city in 1780. His warning went unheeded, and the Nawab attacked; he captured Fort William which led to the killings of several East India company officials in the Black Hole of Calcutta. Public transport is provided by the Kolkata Suburban Railway, the Kolkata Metro, trams, rickshaws, taxis and buses. [21] The Bangladesh Liberation War of 1971 led to a massive influx of thousands of refugees, many of them penniless, that strained Kolkata's infrastructure. ", "Agreement on the establishment of Sister City Relations between Kolkata, Republic of India and Kunming, People's Republic of China", "The Twinning of Thessaloniki and Calcutta", "Incheon Metropolitan City – Incheon City – Sister Cities", Armenian College and Philanthropic Academy, Baranagore Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama High School, B. T. Road Government Sponsored H. S. School, Marine Engineering and Research Institute, Government College of Engineering and Ceramic Technology, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad Institute of Asian Studies, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, West Bengal University of Health Sciences, Braithwaite, Burn & Jessop Construction Company, Calcutta Electric Supply Corporation (CESC), Holy Rosary Cathedral (Portuguese Church), Kolkata Police Friendship Cup Football Tournament, Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose Indian Botanic Garden, Revolutionary movement for Indian independence, List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kolkata&oldid=1013932174, 1690 establishments in the British Empire, Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments, Articles with dead external links from August 2016, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Short description is different from Wikidata, All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English, Pages using infobox settlement with unknown parameters, Articles containing Bengali-language text, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2008, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2001, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2003, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2009, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2012, Articles with failed verification from April 2020, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2010, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2020, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2004, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2011, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2005, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2017, Articles with Encyclopædia Britannica links, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with multiple identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Source 2: Tokyo Climate Center (mean temperatures 1981–2010), Another theory is that the name derives from, Alternatively, the name may have been derived from the Bengali term, The name may have its origin in the words, According to another theory, the area specialised in the production of, This page was last edited on 24 March 2021, at 07:23. The Royal Calcutta Turf Club hosts horse racing and polo matches. [ˈkɔliˌkata]), the Bengali name of one of three villages that predated the arrival of the British, in the area where the city was eventually established; the other two villages were Sutanuti and Govindapur.[23]. Nobel laureate Sir C. V. Raman did his groundbreaking work in Raman effect in IACS. Agencies operating long-distance bus services include the Calcutta State Transport Corporation, the South Bengal State Transport Corporation, the North Bengal State Transport Corporation and various private operators. [153][154] As of 2010[update], Kolkata has 7 percent of the total Broadband internet consumers in India; BSNL, VSNL, Tata Indicom, Sify, Airtel, and Reliance are among the main vendors. [170][171] Hired public conveyances include auto rickshaws, which often ply specific routes, and yellow metered taxis. As of 2010[update], the Kolkata urban agglomeration is home to 14 universities run by the state government. Almost all of Kolkata's taxis are antiquated Hindustan Ambassadors by make; newer air-conditioned radio taxis are in service as well. [72] South Kolkata developed after India gained independence in 1947; it includes upscale neighbourhoods such as Bhawanipore, Alipore, Ballygunge, Kasba, Dhakuria, Santoshpur, Garia, Golf Green, Tollygunge, New Alipore, Behala, Barisha etc. [22] Though home to major cricketing venues and franchises, Kolkata differs from other Indian cities by focusing on association football and other sports. [128]:45 In Kolkata, 77% of the married women used contraceptives, which was the highest among the cities surveyed, but use of modern contraceptive methods was the lowest (46%). [127][98]:5 The unauthorised slums (devoid of basic services provided by the municipality) are occupied by squatters who started living on encroached lands—mainly along canals, railway lines and roads. For other uses, see, Formerly Calcutta, capital city of West Bengal, India, The Kolkata metropolitan area also includes portions of. [70] The north–south distance is greater, and its axis is used to section the city into North, Central, South and East Kolkata. Jinnah called for a general strike on August 16 to push the Leagueâs demand for a separate homeland for Indian Muslims. [128]:51 The proportion of malnourished, anaemic and underweight children in Kolkata was less in comparison to other surveyed cities. [300][301] Athletes from Kolkata include Sourav Ganguly, Pankaj Roy and Jhulan Goswami, who are former captains of the Indian national cricket team; Olympic tennis bronze medalist Leander Paes, golfer Arjun Atwal, and former footballers Sailen Manna, Chuni Goswami, P. K. Banerjee and Subrata Bhattacharya. Kolkata is located atop the western part of the hinge zone which is about 25 km (16 mi) wide at a depth of about 45,000 m (148,000 ft) below the surface. [97] As of 2001[update], around 0.81% of the city's workforce was employed in the primary sector (agriculture, forestry, mining, etc. [148][149] Fire services are handled by the West Bengal Fire Service, a state agency. [180][181], The Port of Kolkata, established in 1870, is India's oldest and the only major river port. Electricity is supplied by the privately operated Calcutta Electric Supply Corporation, or CESC, to the city proper; the West Bengal State Electricity Board supplies it in the suburbs. This is a list of professional football clubs located in India and the leagues and states they play in. Following independence in 1947, Kolkata, which was once the centre of Indian commerce, culture, and politics, suffered many decades of political violence and economic stagnation.[21]. The Port of Kolkata is India's oldest operating port and its sole major riverine port. Kolkata also accounted for 45% of total attendance in 2017 FIFA U-17 World Cup with an average of 55,345 spectators. Calcutta was the centre for the Indian independence movement. The city's main bus terminals are located at Esplanade and Babughat. "Calcutta" redirects here. The Kolkata Municipal Corporation, or KMC, oversees and manages the civic infrastructure of the city's 16 boroughs, which together encompass 144 wards. The Calcutta High Court is the oldest High Court in India. Tournaments, especially those involving cricket, football, badminton and carrom, are regularly organised on an inter-locality or inter-club basis. [200], Kolkata's schools are run by the state government or private organisations, many of which are religious. [182][184] Ferry services connect Kolkata with its twin city of Howrah, located across the Hooghly River. Characterised by 19th-century architecture and narrow alleyways, it includes areas such as Jorasanko, Rajabazar, Maniktala, Ultadanga, Shyambazar, Shobhabazar, Bagbazar, Cossipore, Sinthee etc. Besides I-League 2020/2021 you can follow more than 1000 football competitions on FlashScore.in: Asian AFC leagues (e.g. As of 2020[update], four Metro rail lines were under construction. Kolkata (/kɒlˈkɑːtə/[15] or /kɒlˈkʌtə/,[16] Bengali: [ˈkolˌkata] (listen); also known as Calcutta /kælˈkʌtə/,[16] the official name until 2001) is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal. [161] It spans the north–south length of the city. [247][248] Since the early 1990s, new genres have emerged, including one comprising alternative folk–rock Bengali bands. [60] From the 1960s to the late 1990s, several factories were closed and businesses relocated. Cyber FIFA20 Premier League Matches England Cyber Stars League Esoccer Battle Esoccer FUFV League Esoccer FUFV League. [268][269] Calcutta Football League, which was started in 1898, is the oldest football league in Asia. The Victoria Memorial, a place of interest in Kolkata, has a museum documenting the city's history. B. D. Bagh (formerly known as Dalhousie Square). It is the primary business, commercial, and financial hub of Eastern India and the main port of communication for North-East India,[17] as well as having the third-largest urban economy of India. Kolkata has 10 local radio stations broadcasting on FM, including three from AIR. Kolkata hosts the headquarters of three major public-sector banks: Allahabad Bank, UCO Bank, and the United Bank of India; and a private bank Bandhan Bank. 4,486,679;[108] its population density was 24,252/km2 (62,810/sq mi). The coalescence of British and Indian culture resulted in the emergence of a new babu class of urbane Indians, whose members were often bureaucrats, professionals, newspaper readers, and Anglophiles; they usually belonged to upper-caste Hindu communities. [187] For every 10,000 people in the city, there are 61.7 hospital beds,[188] which is higher than the national average of 9 hospital beds per 10,000. Vocational programs are also available. [201] Some Kolkata schools, for example La Martiniere Calcutta, Calcutta Boys' School, South Point School, St. James' School (Kolkata), St. Xavier's Collegiate School and Loreto House, have been ranked amongst the best schools in the country.[203]. [165][166][167], Buses, which are the most commonly used mode of transport, are run by government agencies and private operators. Among the other parks are Central Park in Bidhannagar and Millennium Park on Strand Road, along the Hooghly River. Nawab Siraj ud-Daulah occupied Calcutta in 1756, and the East India Company retook it the following year. Among scientific institutions, Kolkata hosts the Agri Horticultural Society of India, the Geological Survey of India, the Botanical Survey of India, the Calcutta Mathematical Society, the Indian Science Congress Association, the Zoological Survey of India, the Institution of Engineers, the Anthropological Survey of India and the Indian Public Health Association. [54], During the 1960s and 1970s, severe power shortages, strikes and a violent Marxist–Maoist movement by groups known as the Naxalites damaged much of the city's infrastructure, resulting in economic stagnation. As of 2008[update], sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide annual concentration were within the national ambient air quality standards of India, but respirable suspended particulate matter levels were high, and on an increasing trend for five consecutive years, causing smog and haze. [189] Ten medical and dental colleges are located in the Kolkata metropolitan area which act as tertiary referral hospitals in the state. For punters who take football betting seriously we have a professional sports betting academy to teach you how to win in sports betting.. No matter which country you come from, we are trying to give you a useful list of the best bookmakers. Street foods such as beguni (fried battered eggplant slices), kati roll (flatbread roll with vegetable or chicken, mutton or egg stuffing), phuchka (a deep-fried crêpe with tamarind sauce) and Indian Chinese cuisine from Chinatown are popular.[250][251][252][253]. The Diplomatic representation of more than 65 Countries and International Organization is present in Kolkata as Consulate office, honorary Consulate office, Cultural Centre, Deputy High Commission and Economic section and Trade Representation office.[158]. Kolkata is located over the "Bengal basin", a pericratonic tertiary basin. [182] The Kolkata Port Trust manages docks in Kolkata and Haldia. [116] India's sole Chinatown is in eastern Kolkata;[114] once home to 20,000 ethnic Chinese, its population dropped to around 2,000 as of 2009[update][114] as a result of multiple factors including repatriation and denial of Indian citizenship following the 1962 Sino-Indian War, and immigration to foreign countries for better economic opportunities. Production systems and natural resources use in PU Kolkata, "BSNL may take two weeks to be back online", "In city's teeming heart, a place to gaze and graze", "Beautification project for Salt Lake, Sec V and New Town", "The 1737 Calcutta earthquake and cyclone evaluated", "Station: Calcutta (Alipur) Climatological Table 1981–2010", "Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)", "Table 3 Monthly mean duration of Sun Shine (hours) at different locations in India", "Normals Data: Kolkata/Alipore - India Latitude: 22.53°N Longitude: 88.33°E Height: 6 (m)", "Station: Calcutta (Dumdum) Climatological Table 1981–2010", "Smog city chokes & grounds: foul air, moist and smoky", "Genesis and growth of the Calcutta Stock Exchange", "Understanding slums: case studies for the global report on human settlements 2003. 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