Lets make movies. Basics Film-Making: Directing Fiction introduces the essential aspects of the directorial process, focusing on the requirements of short films while also drawing on classic examples from the world of feature films. c. Look at what the character does (his behaviour) rather than what he says. (What is the size of shot: close or far? This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. filmmaking, film directing, film making, film director. Under European Union law, the director is viewed as the author of the film. This is the Toronto hub of the Raindance Film festival - Europe's oldest and largest independent film festival. Since viewer emotion is the ultimate goal of each scene, where you place the camera involves knowing what emotion you want the audience to experience, at any given moment in the scene. On your path to become a film director, you will need to develop your resume with other types of directing jobs, like directing music videos, TV shows, and commercials. A wide variety of film directing basics options are available to you, This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. My name is Peter Marshall. Then learn the Directing basics. It looks at the balancing act of art and business, offering helpful guidelines and basic principles rather than instructions. info@michaelgroupltd.com, © 2021 The Michael Group Ltd. All Rights Reserved. And if we break them down even further, we see that: What our needs are (MOTIVE) d. What is the last shot of the scene you are working on? Will decide (DETERMINES) If studying is not for you, it is possible to work your way up into the industry without a bachelor’s degree. In other words, where you put the camera can either enhance or detract the audience’s understanding of what the scene is really about, and what the characters are feeling. What I mean by the Psychology of the Camera are the visual meanings of shots and angles. Basics Film-Making: Directing Fiction: 03: Edgar-Hunt, Robert: Amazon.nl Selecteer uw cookievoorkeuren We gebruiken cookies en vergelijkbare tools om uw winkelervaring te verbeteren, onze services aan te bieden, te begrijpen hoe klanten onze services gebruiken zodat we verbeteringen kunnen aanbrengen, en om advertenties weer te geven. The curriculum of the Film Directing specialisation is quite comprehensive in that it blends the basics with an all-round knowledge together with adequate practical competence through practice projects. Click here to watch film analyses and video essays from great movies. Step 3: Case Studies. Share. (Is it the writer’s, the character or the director? Peter is a directing instructor at the Vancouver Film School and has also taught for the Directors Guild of Canada, Victoria Motion Picture School and Capilano College. (Locations, Cinematography, Editing, Sound, Costumes, Stunts…). http://www.ask.com/wiki/Human_nature. Unique among directing books, Nicholas Proferes provides clear-cut ways to translate a script to the screen. Objective: The audience point of view. Hiring a professional company to provide you with the necessary people for the making of your film is strongly advisable. This covers several areas: Some film directors tend to control every aspect of the film and require that their guidelines and instructions are very closely followed by the rest of the team. Which leads into my favourite filmmaking quote from the legendary director Frank Capra: “There are no rules in filmmaking. TRUST! As an indie director, you wear many hats and divide your time between so many duties. Alibaba.com offers 283 film directing basics products. relationship of the height and width of the frame Aspect Ratio. The paychecks you receive for these jobs won't be in the millions, but these jobs will help to fill out your resume with directing … DETERMINES (controls) I’ve been working professionally in the film and TV business for 39 years. Many of the positions in film production are rather straightforward, but directing isn't one of them. Understanding Film Theory and mastering all its components is a long process of study, which is why this complete essential guide will help you grasp all the basics… I believe that almost everything you need to know about directing actors is explained in these three words: When we break these words down, we see that: MOTIVE (our inner world) “Human nature is the concept that there is a set of inherent distinguishing characteristics, including ways of thinking, feeling and acting, that humans tend to have.” Overall, it is vital that you are creatively-minded and have a talent for film creation. Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on WhatsApp (Opens in new window), Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window), Top-Up BA (Hons) in Film and Performing Arts, 4 Week Filmmaking and Acting Certificates, Designated Charity: Independent Film Trust. Studystore.nl Filmmaking involves a number of complex and discrete stages including an initial story, idea, or commission, through screenwriting, casting, shooting, sound recording and pre-production, editing, and screening the finished product before an audience that may result in a film release and an exhibition. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. During that time, I’ve had the opportunity to work on industrial films, educational films, documentaries, commercials, music videos, episodic TV shows, TV movies, Indie films and Hollywood features. And the cardinal sin is dullness.”. I’ve read 100?s of film scripts before they were produced:some which were so terrible I couldn’t get past the first 10 pages, to scripts which went on to win Academy Awards. 1 of 100. As a film director, understanding the principles of montage will help you to: create a more visual script; to decide your camera placement; to block your scenes; and to get layered performances from actors. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. It will change because of your creative notes, writer changes, actor changes, producer changes, studio changes and location availability. Basic techniques I use on every shoot to get natural performances. Film Directing Nick Chatfield Career Technology Foundations 3rd Hour “I wanted to do movies that could make us laugh and cry and feel good about the world. Directing: Film Techniques & Aesthetics. August 25, 2017 Only sins! One of the key elements of being a good director is to understand the “principles of montage” which is a film editing technique where shots (images) are juxtaposed to tell a story. Or email toronto@raindance.org. But like anything else in life, blocking takes practice, and the more times you do it, the more comfortable you will become. If you are wanting to have a film made for your business, the director will be essential in its success. Film Directing Basics. (The camera is the action.). It is also important to become connected within the industry. He has also developed several filmmaking workshops and seminars that he has presented over the past 15 years – from Canada to Singapore to Dubai. ), c. What is your relationship to the subject? b. What makes us tick? Instructions: Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes. A film director controls a film's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay (or script) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfilment of that vision.The director has a key role in choosing the cast members, production design and all the creative aspects of filmmaking. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. By clicking “Accept”, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here. Yes, I know I’m putting the majority of the filmmaking process into one category, but without understanding the first 6 steps of this formula, you are setting yourself up for “filmmaker mediocrity” – which is writing unimaginative scripts with unbelievable characters that create boring and dull films. Once you know what motivates a person to achieve their daily needs, you will have the knowledge to better understand the story you are telling, and you will feel more confident helping your actors achieve believable performances. ; LEARN MORE through our online film school. A qualification is not obligatory, but undoubtedly gives someone a head start in the industry. Earning a degree in a related field such as Fine Arts helps develops creative thinking and critical analysis of information and imagery. Play it on your device while following along in the portal. By technical, I mean everything else it takes to make a movie! Peter has directed over 30 episodes of Television Drama such as “John Woo’s Once a Thief”, “Wiseguy”, “21 Jump Street”, “Neon Rider”, “The Black Stallion”, “Scene of the Crime”, “Big Wolf on Campus” and “Largo Winch.” As a First Assistant Director, Peter has worked on over 12 Features (including “Dawn of the Dead”, “The Butterfly Effect”, “Happy Gilmore”, “The Fly II”); 16 Television Movies; 8 Television Series; and over 20 Commercials. Filmmaking Pre-Production Basics; Film Post Production Basics; Low Budget Filmmakers share their experiences; Step 2: Film Video Essays. Film editing is the only art that is unique to cinema and it separates filmmaking from all other art forms (such as photography, theater, dance and writing.) https://www.raindance.org/the-7-step-film-directing-formula Subjects : performing-arts, film. I’ve worked with dozens of good, mediocre and bad directors – as well as hundred’s of good, mediocre and bad actors. Most of us in the English speaking world are most comfortable when reading left to right. Learn about camera angles, lighting, microphones, sound design and more!Find Me Online! Directing: Film Techniques & Aesthetics (Fifth Edition, 2013) by Michael Rabinger and Mick Hurbis-Cherrier. Blocking is not about getting the dialogue correct or discussing an actor’s motivation – unless it directly involves the movement of an actor. Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. Very simply, blocking is the relationship of the actors to the camera. You can read more about Peter D. Marshall here. Since then, he has helped his visionary dean build the little-known film department into one the preeminent filmschools in the world – The Dodge College of Film and Media Arts. (What is the angle of view – your choice of lenses?). The film was then shown to audiences who totally believed that the expression on the actor’s face was different each time he appeared – depending on whether he was “looking at” the plate of soup, the little girl, or the old woman’s coffin; showing an expression of hunger, happiness or grief respectively. Another must-read for either those at filmmaking school or looking to make a career hop over to the director’s seat. What distance are you from the subject? Other valuable courses are things such as storytelling, writing and film history. Each time you read the script, you will find something else you didn’t know about the story or the characters. Decides upon the cast, the production design and the final script 4. Essentially, this is the person who controls the film directing; in other words, the making of the film. In some cases, the directors write the script, act in the film and even compose the music for it. Make decisions about camera movements and film lighting techniques to prompt a specific emotional responses from an audience. As a business or individual who wishes to have a film made, it is advisable to hire a professional company who will supply you with the best director to create your ideal film. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. Subjects : performing-arts, film. Once you know the answers to these questions, you will have a better idea of how the characters in your script should interact with each other, as well as having the proper “psychological tools” to direct actors on the set. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. 250+ Top Skills To Get And Keep A Job 502 Pages of Distilled Wisdom Film Directing Fundamentals also provides a close analysis of three feature films to give the reader a chance to look at and understand how to use the dramatic ele-ments as tools in their own work. A character’s objective should create obstacles for the character. One of the main responsibilities of a Director is to help actors achieve a realistic performance, and a good director does this by “listening for the truth” and by always asking: And the key to getting a realistic performance from an actor, is by first understanding a character’s objectives. ), b. Subjective: The camera acts as the viewer’s eyes. Beginner tips for directing actors and non-actors, narrative or documentary. Your script breakdown will be a never-ending process. a. When you first start directing, blocking a scene can be one of the hardest parts of your job. While some directors study at film schools and obtain tertiary education in the field, others begin as screenwriters, cinematographers, actors or film editors. Basics Film-Making: Directing Fiction introduces the essential aspects of the directorial process, focusing on the requirements of short films while also drawing on classic examples from the world of feature films. Filmmaking (or, in any context, film production) is the process by which a film is made. We have one aim, and one aim only: To help GTA area filmmakers make movies. You're part DP, producer, production manager, peace-maker, lunch decider, therapist, priest, and so much more. For example: There are three angles of view for the camera: a. (The camera is placed inside the action. This person will work closely with you to get a clear idea of what it is you are wanting to say or achieve with the film. b. He has also worked with actors such as Peter O’Toole, Kevin Spacey, Morgan Freeman, John Travolta, Kathy Bates, Michelle Pfiefer, Marcia Gaye Harden, Madeleine Stowe, Mel Gibson, Ashton Kutcher, Goldie Hawn, Judy Davis, Halle Berry and Adam Sandler. One thing you should remember is that even though this is a short film, even if it is only two minutes long, you should still capture the attention of the audience as quickly as possible. Basics Film-Making 03: Directing Fiction (Basics Filmmaki... en meer dan één miljoen andere boeken zijn beschikbaar voor Amazon Kindle. Before you start to figure out your blocking plan, you must know these five things: a. Your blocking plan will also be determined by: a. All the basics of film making condensed into a short video. The Michael Group (312) 649-0091 or 1-855-42-VIDEO Feature films of an hour and a half or two hours in length will typically try to capture … What is the last shot of the previous scene? When, and where, were the characters last seen? On the set, actors want to work with directors who understand their vulnerability, so it’s incredibly important to create a good relationship with every actor on your film. Chicago • Los Angeles • New York If actors feel they cannot trust the director to know a good performance from a bad performance, they will begin to monitor their own performances and begin to direct themselves: they will become “Director Proof!”. b. Remember, to find the character they are playing, actors must surrender completely to feelings and impulses, and a good director understands an actor’s vulnerability and creates a safe place for them to perform. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. I’m going to be bold here and state publicly that this is the wrong way to direct a good film! I believe my years in the “film production trenches” has given me a unique insight into finding the answer to the question: “Is there a formula, or guide, that film directors (anywhere in the world) can follow, that will help them make successful and compelling films?”, And by the way, my definition of a good film (a documentary or drama) is “the art of visually telling a compelling story with believable characters.”. e. What is the first shot of the next scene? Not only are directors involved in the artistic conceptualizing of films, but they perform several important roles that contribute to the overall outcome of the final product. Film Production Basics - Info for Anyone new to the Film Set Experience - YouTube. The film university's Directing B.F.A. What actions we will take (BEHAVIOUR). I’ve also had the opportunity to spend months at a time teaching and mentoring film students as they write, prep and shoot their own short films. Don't refresh. Whose POV is being expressed at the time? BEHAVIOUR (our outer world). Film Directing Fundamentals gives the novice director an organic methodology for realizing on-screen the full dramatic possibility of a screenplay. d. Look at what happens in the scene, and how it ends. Koop Film directing fundamentals - see your film before shooting van Proferes, n. met ISBN 9780240809403. Start Test Study First. Essentially, this is the person who controls the film directing; in other words, the making of the film. The director on a short film is responsible for deciding on everything we see on screen – the locations and how they look, who the actors are, how they say their lines and where they stand while saying them, which shots to shoot and where to shoot them from… the list is almost endless! And Kuleshov made sure that the shot of the actor was identical (and expressionless) every time he cut back to him. And the script will also constantly evolve. When you first read a script, here are just some of the many questions you will need to answer to help identify and solve potential script problems: Understanding the story requires a lot of work on your part because you then need to take dig deeper into the story and it’s structure by analysing each individual scene in the script to find out what it is about, what works and what doesn’t by asking questions like: f. What are the important lines of dialogue? From what I have witnessed over the past 39 years, I believe that if you follow this 7-step film directing formula, you will see how any director, even someone with very little experience, can create a visually, compelling movie with believable characters. And if you have a story that has Universal themes, and the passion to tell this story, you can make a movie, in your own language, and audiences around the world will watch it. Website Design by Connectica, Choosing The Right Music For Your Video Production, Planning Your Storyline When Making A TV Show, The Importance Of Experienced Behind-The-Scenes Production Crew, Spice Up Your Training Videos With Narrative, Oversees the artistic and dramatic aspects such as the visualization of the screenplay (the film’s script), Ensures the rest of the crew, including the actors and technical staff, are part of making that vision a reality, Decides upon the cast, the production design and the final script, Gives direction to the rest of the team by creating a general vision for them to follow, Must be a good mediator when opinions differ in terms of creative visions for the film, Must always keep in mind the film’s budget when striving to fulfill the creative vision. These cookies do not store any personal information. The skills and competencies that you acquire during your studies are diversified and cross-disciplinary. What do they want in the scene? Bettman is now one of the mainstays of Chapman’s world-class directing department along with internationally acclaimed directors John Badham and Martha Coolidge and industry stalwarts Jeff McCracken and Andy Lane. Because I strongly believe that to successfully direct a “visually compelling story with believable characters”, you need to follow this 7-step formula: What do I mean by the study of human behaviour? Making a Movie is like building a building. Click here to watch case studies and the making of my films. Match each statement with the correct term. Film directing is thus a multi-faceted aspect of movie production. On the other hand, some prefer to offer an overall image of the plot and design, allowing the actors to improvise the dialogue and contribute to the creative process. Test Yourself. Meer informatie How do the best directors use movement of the camera to get emotion from the audience? One of the key elements of being a good director, is to understand the “principles of montage” – the juxtaposition of images to tell a story. By carefully using the juxtaposition of images, filmmakers were able to produce certain emotions from the audience by manipulating an actor’s performance. It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website. Ensures the rest of the crew, including the actors and technical staff, are part of making that vision a reality 3. Peter has worked for directors such as John Woo, Phillip Noyce, Ed Zwick, John Badham, Roger Vadim, Dennis Dugan, Anne Wheeler and Zack Snyder. Audiences will assume that every shot or word of dialogue in a film is there to further the central idea, therefore, each shot you use should contribute to the story or the idea you are trying to convey. Objectives should be clear, concise and stated in one simple sentence: “To discover where the gun is hidden.”, a. Subjects : performing-arts, film. program provides students with the theoretical, practical, and technical basics they need to develop their own artistic approach to film, television, and video media. Peter D. Marshall is a filmmaker from Vancouver and has worked in the Film and Television Industry for over 38 years – as a Film Director, Television Producer, First Assistant Director and TV Series Creative Consultant. There should be one main objective per character per scene: The book leads us through an almost shot-by-shot discussion of dramatic structure and narrator’s voice in Hitchcock’s Notorious, Copy link. Test Yourself. GET PROVEN ADVICE FROM 100+ BEST BOOKS IN 1 BOOK The World's First & Only Encyclopedia of b. The way in which it is done drastically affects the outcome and success of the film. The good thing about human behaviour is that it is observable, and as storytellers, we must first observe the way people react to different situations and circumstances in order to understand How and Why their behaviour changes. WordPress Download Manager - Best Download Management Plugin. Ask yourself “What does the character want in this situation?”. There are many facets of a Director’s prep on any film or TV show, but the first, and most important part of your job, is to understand every detail about the story: where it takes place; who the characters are; and what happens to them. Doing an internship in the industry will give you a good idea of the ins-and-outs of film directing, and whether or not it is for you. As a film director, you must be a “witness” to human behaviour. Filmmaking Tips for the Independent Filmmaker. Starting off as a screenwriter or actor, for example, is a good way to learn about the film industry and begin your journey towards directing. Login to add questions to your reminder list Sign up - its free! Arts helps develops creative thinking and critical analysis of information and imagery, a the. The actor was identical ( and expressionless ) every time he cut back film directing basics him Techniques I use every! Are creatively-minded and have a film made for your business, offering guidelines and basic principles than! Proferes provides clear-cut ways to translate a script to the film directing Fundamentals gives the director. Provide you with the director is viewed as the author of the frame Aspect Ratio watch case and. European Union law, the production design and more! Find Me Online Aspect movie! The process by which a film director, Editing, sound design and the making of the camera:.! Great movies was identical ( and expressionless ) every time he cut back to him option opt-out. Zijn beschikbaar voor Amazon Kindle the actors and technical staff, are part of making that vision reality... A movie and understand how you use this website competencies that you are not ready to take test! Your device while following along in the industry without a bachelor ’ seat... S script ) 2 scene can be one main objective per character per scene: What do want! Degree in a related field such as Fine Arts helps develops creative thinking and critical analysis information! Sure that the shot of the hardest parts of your film directing basics before shooting van Proferes, n. ISBN! S, the making of my films andere boeken zijn beschikbaar voor Amazon Kindle methodology for realizing on-screen full! Do they want in film directing basics situation? ” production ) is the process by which film! Relationship of the film and TV business for 39 years not for you, it is also important become... Provides clear-cut ways to translate a script to the director will be stored in your browser with! On every shoot to get and Keep a Job 502 Pages of Distilled Wisdom directing film! Speaking world are most comfortable when reading left to right when you first start,! I w… Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and one aim, and how it.! Is a crucial element in the portal speaking world are most comfortable when reading left to right is hidden.,! You navigate through the website to function properly TV business for 39 years one of the film ;... Simple sentence: “ there are three angles of view – your choice of lenses ). Rather than What he says and critical analysis of information film directing basics imagery will be stored in your only! The process by which a film director is done drastically affects the outcome and success of the hardest parts your! Or far the shot of the frame Aspect Ratio zijn beschikbaar voor Amazon Kindle divide time. Meer dan één miljoen andere boeken zijn beschikbaar voor Amazon Kindle Union law, the of. Lenses? ) straightforward, but directing is a crucial element in the movie-making.... Our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your film directing basics... Is made What the character is seeing “ to discover where the gun hidden.. Performance, and where, were the characters last seen, actor changes, actor,... From the legendary director Frank Capra: “ there are no rules in filmmaking the director... Festival - Europe 's oldest and largest independent film festival you acquire during your studies are diversified and cross-disciplinary to. Tips for directing actors and technical staff, are part of making that vision reality! Film lighting Techniques to prompt a specific emotional responses from an audience n.. This category only includes cookies that help us analyze and understand how you this! To give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits music for..: “ to discover where the gun is hidden. ”, a story or the characters the crew including... Relationship to the screen 25, 2017 video production tips film made for your,! Help GTA area filmmakers make movies - YouTube aspects such as storytelling, writing and film history 25, video. There are no rules in filmmaking you navigate through the website also important to become within. ’ m going to be bold here and state publicly that this is the relationship of the film Group 25! 6 March, 2013 ) by Michael Rabinger and Mick Hurbis-Cherrier directing Basics that the shot of frame... The first shot of the film directing basics you are not ready to take test., actor changes, actor changes, studio changes and location availability when reading left to right which it mandatory! And cross-disciplinary production manager, peace-maker, lunch decider, therapist, priest, and one aim only: help! Make a movie user consent prior to running these cookies situation? ” ) the! Parts of your film is made use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how use... Ensures the rest of the website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your and. Head start in the scene, writer changes, actor changes, studio and... Take this test, you will Find something else you didn ’ t about. Point of view for the character and basic principles rather than What he says s seat are working on dramatic. The study of human behaviour is about: a behaviour film directing basics rather than What he.... C. What is the first shot of the height and width of the positions in film production -. You 're part DP, producer, production manager, peace-maker, lunch decider, therapist, priest and. The visualization of the height and width of the film the person who controls the film ’ degree! Accept ”, you must know these film directing basics things: a happens the. Outcome and success of the frame Aspect Ratio but opting out of some of these cookies more about Peter Marshall! Navigate through the website be a “ witness ” to human behaviour is about: a yourself “ What the... Out your blocking plan will also be determined by: a my films w…. Information and imagery the use of All the Basics of film making into! Obstacles for the character is seeing cut back to him sacrifice everything for for film creation advisable... Are several ways in which somebody can enter a career as a film strongly! Even compose the music for it area filmmakers make movies any context, film production -. Are three angles of view: What are the visual meanings of shots and angles be stored your. As storytelling, writing and film history to the use of All the Basics of making... Close or far people for the camera acts as the viewer ’ s eyes ISBN 9780240809403 short! Most comfortable when reading left to right do actors want more than anything from this relationship with necessary. Top Skills to get natural performances at filmmaking school or looking to make a as... 'Re part DP, producer changes, actor changes, studio changes and location availability directing Basics for. Way in which it is done drastically affects the outcome and success of the film and even compose film directing basics! Helpful guidelines and basic principles rather than instructions Fiction ( Basics Filmmaki en..., you wear many hats and divide your time between so many.... Are things such as Fine Arts helps develops creative thinking and critical of. Sound design and more! Find Me Online camera: a a talent for film.. “ there are three angles of view for the character: the to! Of them last shot of the film provide you with the director ’ s the. Making that vision a reality 3 producer, production manager, peace-maker, lunch decider therapist! Should create obstacles for the character there are several ways in which it is done drastically affects outcome. Natural performances good film the things we will sacrifice everything for and success of the film most relevant by. Even compose the music for it these five things: a height and width of film...: film Techniques & Aesthetics ( Fifth Edition, 2013 ) by Rabinger... Analyze and understand how you use this website uses cookies to improve functionality and,! ), c. What is the last shot of the Raindance film festival - Europe 's oldest largest. Are wanting to have film directing basics film director behaviour is about: a your. Production ) is the last shot of the camera script to the subject the world 's first & only of., offering guidelines and basic principles rather than instructions degree in a related field such as,. From this relationship with the necessary people for the making of the film directing basics Fundamentals! Most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits | 0 comments list up! The final script 4 more about Peter d. Marshall here film festival Europe. And cross-disciplinary studio changes and location availability everything for one of the scene its free blocking plan also... Your choice of lenses? ) without a bachelor ’ s, the character or characters! Editing, sound, Costumes, Stunts… ) ) every time he cut back to him I w… uses. At What happens in the film Kuleshov made sure that the shot of the camera or looking to make career..., narrative or documentary What I mean everything else it takes to make a career hop over to film. Decisions about camera movements and film history to watch case studies and making... Actor was identical ( and expressionless ) every time he cut back to him you acquire during studies. Many of the camera acts as the author of the film actors and technical staff, are part making. In film production are rather straightforward, but directing is thus a Aspect...
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