Germany (German: Deutschland, German pronunciation: [ˈdɔʏtʃlant]), officially the Federal Republic of Germany,[e] is a country in Central Europe. [171], Germany is part of the European single market which represents more than 450 million consumers. Czechs and Germans who live in the shadow of the vast Turów mine claim it is an environmental menace. Arts and Humanities. Berlin is the sole constitutional capital and, For a general discussion of the impact of the Reformation on the Holy Roman Empire, see, annihilation of the local Herero and Namaqua peoples, 17 million people were systematically murdered, American, Soviet, British, and French occupation zones, United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, second-highest number of international migrants worldwide, administrative or confessional unions of both traditions, European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, 41 properties in Germany on the World Heritage List, Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film, Das Leben der Anderen (The Lives of Others), British, American and French occupation zones, "The Protection of Minority and Regional Languages in Germany", Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, "Bevölkerung nach Geschlecht und Staatsangehörigkeit", "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2020", "Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income", "Radiometric dating of the type-site for Homo heidelbergensis at Mauer, Germany", "Ice Age Lion Man is world's earliest figurative sculpture", "A female figurine from the basal Aurignacian of Hohle Fels Cave in southwestern Germany", "The Ancient Germans: Their History, Constitution, Religion, Manners and Customs", "Adopting a New Religion: The Case of Protestantism in 16th Century Germany", "Maria Theresa, Holy Roman Empress and Queen of Hungary and Bohemia", "Issues Relevant to U.S. Foreign Diplomacy: Unification of German States", "Last German World War I veteran believed to have died", "GERMAN TERRITORIAL LOSSES, TREATY OF VERSAILLES, 1919", "Ein Konzentrationslager für politische Gefangene in der Nähe von Dachau", "The law that 'enabled' Hitler's dictatorship", "Deutschland in den 50er Jahren: Wirtschaft in beiden deutschen Staaten", "Westward Tide of East Germans Is a Popular No-Confidence Vote", "Iconoclash! Since 1991, the third verse alone has been the national anthem. [64][65] The Enabling Act gave Hitler unrestricted legislative power, overriding the constitution;[66] his government established a centralised totalitarian state, withdrew from the League of Nations, and dramatically increased the country's rearmament. In the German Revolution (November 1918), Emperor Wilhelm II and the ruling princes abdicated their positions, and Germany was declared a federal republic. (all inf) wieso (denn das)?, wie kommt (denn) das? Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity. Old High German, a group of dialects for which there was no standard literary language, was spoken until about 1100 in the highlands of southern Germany. [257] The Berlin Fashion Week and the fashion trade fair Bread & Butter are held twice a year. how so?, how’s that?, how come? Historically, Germany has been called Das Land der Dichter und Denker ("the land of poets and thinkers"),[241] because of the major role its writers and philosophers have played in the development of Western thought. Germany was the last country to host both the summer and winter games in the same year, in 1936: the Berlin Summer Games and the Winter Games in Garmisch-Partenkirchen. The English word Germany derives from the Latin Germania, which came into use after Julius Caesar adopted it for the peoples east of the Rhine. [253] Vernacular architecture in Germany is often identified by its timber framing (Fachwerk) traditions and varies across regions, and among carpentry styles. In the 10th century, German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire. English French German Latin Spanish View all. [102] Germany sent a peacekeeping force to secure stability in the Balkans and sent German troops to Afghanistan as part of a NATO effort to provide security in that country after the ousting of the Taliban. [175][165], Being home to the modern car, the automotive industry in Germany is regarded as one of the most competitive and innovative in the world,[176] and is the fourth largest by production. [25] After the invasion of the Huns in 375, and with the decline of Rome from 395, Germanic tribes moved farther southwest: the Franks established the Frankish Kingdom and pushed east to subjugate Saxony and Bavaria, and areas of what is today eastern Germany were inhabited by Western Slavic tribes. Although East Germany claimed to be a democracy, political power was exercised solely by leading members (Politbüro) of the communist-controlled Socialist Unity Party of Germany, supported by the Stasi, an immense secret service. ", "Grundgesetz für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Artikel 65a,87,115b", "Einsatzzahlen – die Stärke der deutschen Kontingente", "Germany extends unified armed forces mission in Mali", Frankfurt as a financial centre after Brexit, "The 5 Largest Economies In The World And Their Growth In 2020", "Germans Say Goodbye to the Mark, a Symbol of Strength and Unity", "CAM study reveals: German carmakers are most innovative", "German exports hit new high in 2016, trade surplus widens", "Brand value of the leading 10 most valuable German brands in 2019", "Berlin outranks London in start-up investment", "Secrets of growth: the power of Germany's Mittelstand", "Germany's 'hidden champions' of the Mittelstand", "Federal Report on Research and Innovation 2014", "The countries leading the world in scientific research", "An introduction to the complexities of the German research scene", "Germany invests 3.3 billion euro in European space exploration and becomes ESA's largest contributor", "Assessment of strategic plans and policy measures on Investment and Maintenance in Transport Infrastructure", "Transport infrastructure at regional level", "Renewables supplied 40 percent of net public power in Germany in 2018", "Germany Passes Climate-Protection Law to Ensure 2030 Goals", "Germany is the world's leading nation for recycling", "Greenhouse gas emissions per capita in the European Union (EU-28) in 2018, by country", "International tourism, number of arrivals", "More tourists in Germany than ever in 2018", "Tourism as a driver of economic growth in Germany", "Attendance at the Europa Park Rust theme park from 2009 to 2018 (in millions)", "Zensus 2011: Bevölkerung am 9. [145] Germany is a member of NATO, the OECD, the G8, the G20, the World Bank and the IMF. Germany is a country located in Western Europe. At the time of applying for a visa, your spouse will usually need to provide evidence of basic knowledge of German. [126] The third-highest official and the head of government is the chancellor, who is appointed by the Bundespräsident after being elected by the party or coalition with the most seats in the Bundestag. [30] The Golden Bull issued in 1356 provided the constitutional structure of the Empire and codified the election of the emperor by seven prince-electors. King Frederick William IV of Prussia was offered the title of Emperor, but with a loss of power; he rejected the crown and the proposed constitution, a temporary setback for the movement. [19] From southern Scandinavia and north Germany, they expanded south, east, and west, coming into contact with the Celtic, Iranian, Baltic, and Slavic tribes. [86] East Germany selected East Berlin as its capital, while West Germany chose Bonn as a provisional capital, to emphasise its stance that the two-state solution was temporary. This permitted German reunification on 3 October 1990, with the accession of the five re-established states of the former GDR. Germany's new leadership signed the Treaty of Versailles in 1919, accepting defeat by the Allies. [28], Under the Hohenstaufen emperors (1138–1254), German princes encouraged German settlement to the south and east (Ostsiedlung). German beer consumption per person stands at 110 litres (24 imp gal; 29 US gal) in 2013 and remains among the highest in the world. Don’t Small Talk. Gut, danke. [280] The German men's national football team won the FIFA World Cup in 1954, 1974, 1990, and 2014,[281] the UEFA European Championship in 1972, 1980 and 1996,[282] and the FIFA Confederations Cup in 2017. To start decoding German words, it can help to know a few simple tricks. [4] The German political system operates under a framework laid out in the 1949 constitution known as the Grundgesetz (Basic Law). This article was most recently revised and updated by, Low German (Plattdeutsch, or Niederdeutsch), https://www.britannica.com/topic/German-language, Learn about the West Germanic family tree and German loanwords in the English language. "To Be" in German, each verb (action word) changes depending on who the verbs refers to ( I, you, she, we and so on) as well as the tense (such as present, past, or future). [151] It was the world's second-biggest aid donor in 2019 after the United States. [180] 30 major Germany-based companies are included in the DAX, the German stock market index which is operated by Frankfurt Stock Exchange. A 2014 study showed that 52 percent of the adult German population was overweight or obese. He is elected by the Bundesversammlung (federal convention), an institution consisting of the members of the Bundestag and an equal number of state delegates. Winters range from the cold in the Southern Alps to mild and are generally overcast with limited precipitation, while summers can vary from hot and dry to cool and rainy. Chancellor Heinrich Brüning's government pursued a policy of fiscal austerity and deflation which caused unemployment of nearly 30% by 1932. Wild animals include roe deer, wild boar, mouflon (a subspecies of wild sheep), fox, badger, hare, and small numbers of the Eurasian beaver. Also in Renaissance and Baroque art, regional and typically German elements evolved (e.g. [37] The House of Habsburg held the imperial crown from 1438 until the death of Charles VI in 1740. [22][23][24] Around 260, Germanic peoples broke into Roman-controlled lands. [231] The established universities in Germany include some of the oldest in the world, with Heidelberg University (established in 1386) being the oldest. [196] The government and the nuclear power industry agreed to phase out all nuclear power plants by 2021. The German people are being terrorized by H&M. [208] The Europa-Park near Freiburg is Europe's second most popular theme park resort. Weser Renaissance). [105] Among the major German political projects of the early 21st century are the advancement of European integration, the energy transition (Energiewende) for a sustainable energy supply, the "Debt Brake" for balanced budgets, measures to increase the fertility rate (pronatalism), and high-tech strategies for the transition of the German economy, summarised as Industry 4.0. [226], Recognised native minority languages in Germany are Danish, Low German, Low Rhenish, Sorbian, Romany, North Frisian and Saterland Frisian; they are officially protected by the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. [127][128], Germany is a federal state and comprises sixteen constituent states which are collectively referred to as Länder. [213] As of 2018[update], Germany ranks fifth amongst EU countries in terms of the percentage of migrants in the country's population, at 12.9%. [119], The 16 national parks in Germany include the Jasmund National Park, the Vorpommern Lagoon Area National Park, the Müritz National Park, the Wadden Sea National Parks, the Harz National Park, the Hainich National Park, the Black Forest National Park, the Saxon Switzerland National Park, the Bavarian Forest National Park and the Berchtesgaden National Park. [141] In 2018, the overall crime rate fell to its lowest since 1992. German belongs to the West Germanic group of the Indo-European language family, along with English, Frisian, and Dutch (Netherlandic, Flemish). More. [22], Charlemagne founded the Carolingian Empire in 800; it was divided in 843[26] and the Holy Roman Empire emerged from the eastern portion. [243][244], Germany is well known for such folk festival traditions as Oktoberfest and Christmas customs, which include Advent wreaths, Christmas pageants, Christmas trees, Stollen cakes, and other practices. Send shopping help. [277], The 2018 Michelin Guide awarded eleven restaurants in Germany three stars, giving the country a cumulative total of 300 stars. German electronic music gained global influence, with Kraftwerk and Tangerine Dream pioneering in this genre. It borders Denmark to the north, Poland and the Czech Republic to the east, Austria and Switzerland to the south, and France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlandsto the west. Primary education usually lasts for four to six years. In 1871, Germany became a nation-state when most of the German states unified into the Prussian-dominated German Empire. [12], Ancient humans were present in Germany at least 600,000 years ago. [183] Germany is recognised for its large portion of specialised small and medium enterprises, known as the Mittelstand model. [113][114], The territory of Germany can be divided into five terrestrial ecoregions: Atlantic mixed forests, Baltic mixed forests, Central European mixed forests, Western European broadleaf forests, and Alps conifer and mixed forests. Expressionist architecture developed in the 1910s in Germany and influenced Art Deco and other modern styles. [57], On 11 August 1919, President Friedrich Ebert signed the democratic Weimar Constitution. wie sollen wir nur or bloß überleben? The overall life expectancy in Germany at birth is 80.19 years (77.93 years for males and 82.58 years for females). However, the smaller liberal Free Democratic Party and the Alliance '90/The Greens have also been junior partners in coalition governments. [150], The development policy of Germany is an independent area of foreign policy. Germany is the second-most populous country in Europe after Russia, as well as the most populous member state of the European Union. Football is a religion. [260], Influential authors of the 20th century include Gerhart Hauptmann, Thomas Mann, Hermann Hesse, Heinrich Böll and Günter Grass. [219] In the 2011 census, 1.9% of the census population (1.52 million people) gave their religion as Islam, but this figure is deemed unreliable because a disproportionate number of adherents of this religion (and other religions, such as Judaism) are likely to have made use of their right not to answer the question. How to say what is this in German. Significant natural resources include iron ore, coal, potash, timber, lignite, uranium, copper, natural gas, salt, and nickel. So far every chancellor has been a member of one of these parties. Subscribe to our channel: http://bit.ly/MakeThemMeowThe German language is super harsh if you compare it to other languages! The annual European Film Awards ceremony is held every other year in Berlin, home of the European Film Academy. [18], The Germanic tribes are thought to date from the Nordic Bronze Age or the Pre-Roman Iron Age. [118] The blue cornflower was once a German national symbol. On all sides of the religious controversy, chroniclers…, …to speak a standard, “accentless” German. [263] The Leipzig Book Fair also retains a major position in Europe. Find more words! By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. [42], Following the fall of Napoleon, the Congress of Vienna founded the German Confederation, a loose league of 39 sovereign states. [225] German is the most widely spoken first language in the European Union, with around 100 million native speakers. 1. German cinema has made major technical and artistic contributions to film. Read below for some helpful guidelines to learning the language. [62] The Nazi Party led by Adolf Hitler won a special election in 1932 and Hindenburg appointed Hitler as Chancellor of Germany on 30 January 1933. Although it’s unusual and striking, … [69] Germany also reacquired control of the Saarland in 1935,[70] remilitarised the Rhineland in 1936, annexed Austria in 1938, annexed the Sudetenland in 1938 with the Munich Agreement, and in violation of the agreement occupied Czechoslovakia in March 1939. There has to be a reason why so many people decide to hop on board the German train.When contemplating learning a new language, you might be asking yourself if the Teutonic tongue is really worth the time and effort. Conjugation Documents Grammar Dictionary Expressio. Of the country's residents, 18.6 million people (22.5%) were of immigrant or partially immigrant descent in 2016 (including persons descending or partially descending from ethnic German repatriates). [21] By 100 AD, when Tacitus wrote Germania, Germanic tribes had settled along the Rhine and the Danube (the Limes Germanicus), occupying most of modern Germany. Home Browse. [194] The Port of Hamburg is one of the top twenty largest container ports in the world. Mai 2013 in Berlin", "Eastern Germany: the most godless place on Earth", Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs, "Special Eurobarometer 243: Europeans and their Languages (Survey)", "Special Eurobarometer 243: Europeans and their Languages (Executive Summary)", "Frequently asked questions on languages in Europe", "Should we follow the German way of free higher education? [206] Domestic and international travel and tourism combined directly contribute over €105.3 billion to German GDP. Stepping out into the cold English winter night for a cigarette, you ask … Well-known German authors include Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Friedrich Schiller, Gotthold Ephraim Lessing and Theodor Fontane. Yiddish, the language of the Ashkenazic Jews (Jews whose ancestors lived in Germany in the European Middle Ages), also developed from High German. It is the seventh largest country in Europe by area and shares its boundaries with nine countries. German is a logical language with orderly syntax and few foreign words adopted into its vocabulary. [242] A global opinion poll for the BBC revealed that Germany is recognised for having the most positive influence in the world in 2013 and 2014. [98] The relocation of the government was completed in 1999, and modernisation of the east German economy was scheduled to last until 2019. [267] The largest magazines include ADAC Motorwelt and Der Spiegel. [256], German designers became early leaders of modern product design. [92] The Berlin Wall, built in 1961, prevented East German citizens from escaping to West Germany, becoming a symbol of the Cold War. how will we ever survive? [115] As of 2016[update] 51% of Germany's land area is devoted to agriculture, while 30% is forested and 14% is covered by settlements or infrastructure. Other religions comprise less than one percent of Germany's population. According to data from 2016, the Catholic Church and the Evangelical Church claimed 28.5% and 27.5%, respectively, of the population. [217][218] Islam is the second largest religion in the country. Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}51°N 9°E / 51°N 9°E / 51; 9, – in Europe (light green & dark grey)– in the European Union (light green). It allows students in vocational training to learn in a company as well as in a state-run trade school. [240], Culture in German states has been shaped by major intellectual and popular currents in Europe, both religious and secular. In 9 AD, three Roman legions were defeated by Arminius. [84], After Nazi Germany surrendered, the Allies partitioned Berlin and Germany's remaining territory into four occupation zones. German Translation of “IT” | The official Collins English-German Dictionary online. [173] Germany introduced the common European currency, the Euro, in 2002. [116], Plants and animals include those generally common to Central Europe. However, Baden Württemberg, southern Bavaria, southern Hesse and the western Rhineland had been incorporated into Roman provinces. Porsche has won the 24 Hours of Le Mans race 19 times, and Audi 13 times (as of 2017[update]). The Holy Roman Empire absorbed northern Italy and Burgundy under the Salian emperors (1024–1125), although the emperors lost power through the Investiture controversy. )", "Kraftwerk maintain their legacy as electro-pioneers", "Minimal Understandings: The Berlin Decade, The Minimal Continuum, and Debates on the Legacy of German Techno", 10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.T031531, "Bauhaus: The Single Most Influential School of Design", "Berlin as a fashion capital: the improbable rise", "Leipzig Book Fair: Cultural sideshow with a serious side", "German consumers spent €4.4bn on video games in 2018", "Top 10 Heaviest Beer-drinking Countries: Czech Republic and Germany Sink Most Pints", "492 Years of Good Beer: Germans Toast the Anniversary of Their Beer Purity Law", "Wine production worldwide in 2019, by country (in million hectoliters)", "Germany Was Just Awarded Its 300th Michelin Star", "DFB: presidential candidate Fritz Keller promises 'no more one-man show, "The NFL and Major League Baseball are the most attended sports leagues in the world", "What we will miss about Michael Schumacher", "Vettel makes Formula One history with eighth successive victory", Sovereign states and dependencies of Europe, autonomous country of the Kingdom of Denmark, Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe, Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, Special administrative regions of the People's Republic of China, Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu, Commission against Racism and Intolerance, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Germany&oldid=1015822562, German-speaking countries and territories, Member states of the Union for the Mediterranean, States and territories established in 1871, States and territories established in 1949, States and territories established in 1990, Articles containing Old High German (ca. According to the World Health Organization, Germany's health care system was 77% government-funded and 23% privately funded as of 2013[update]. [239] Obesity in Germany has been increasingly cited as a major health issue. It is situated between the Baltic and North seas to the north, and the Alps to the south; covering an area of 357,022 square kilometres (137,847 sq mi), with a population of over 83 million within its 16 constituent states. Also called "irregular strong," these verbs have a vowel change in the simple past and a past participle ending in -en.. Albrecht Dürer, Hans Holbein the Younger, Matthias Grünewald and Lucas Cranach the Elder were important German artists of the Renaissance, Johann Baptist Zimmermann of the Baroque, Caspar David Friedrich and Carl Spitzweg of Romanticism, Max Liebermann of Impressionism and Max Ernst of Surrealism. Britain, France and Russia also concluded alliances to protect against Habsburg interference with Russian interests in the Balkans or German interference against France. For other uses, see, "Federal Republic of Germany" redirects here. It also has the fourth-greatest number of UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Many translated example sentences containing "how was it" – German-English dictionary and search engine for German translations. Just as it’s important for you to know the questions, you should know how to answer them as well. Getting your hellos and goodbyes straight in German is a matter of keeping in mind how well you know someone. [245][246] As of 2016[update] UNESCO inscribed 41 properties in Germany on the World Heritage List. [264], German philosophy is historically significant: Gottfried Leibniz's contributions to rationalism; the enlightenment philosophy by Immanuel Kant; the establishment of classical German idealism by Johann Gottlieb Fichte, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel and Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling; Arthur Schopenhauer's composition of metaphysical pessimism; the formulation of communist theory by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels; Friedrich Nietzsche's development of perspectivism; Gottlob Frege's contributions to the dawn of analytic philosophy; Martin Heidegger's works on Being; Oswald Spengler's historical philosophy; the development of the Frankfurt School has been particularly influential. [88] Konrad Adenauer was elected the first Federal Chancellor of Germany in 1949. [232] The Humboldt University of Berlin, founded in 1810 by the liberal educational reformer Wilhelm von Humboldt, became the academic model for many Western universities. Germany was particularly important in the early modernist movement: it is the home of Werkbund initiated by Hermann Muthesius (New Objectivity), and of the Bauhaus movement founded by Walter Gropius. how do you mean? [178] Germany is one of the largest exporters globally. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Carl Maria von Weber, Felix Mendelssohn, Robert Schumann and Johannes Brahms were significant Romantic composers. Early German cinema was particularly influential with German expressionists such as Robert Wiene and Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau. The New Objectivity arose in response to expressionism during the Weimar Republic. and other related vocabulary in German so that you can talk about Meet the Locals with confidence. The collections of folk tales published by the Brothers Grimm popularised German folklore on an international level. It borders Denmark to the north, Poland and the Czech Republic to the east, Austria and Switzerland to the south, and France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands to the west. Germany is the seventh-largest country in Europe. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). [220] Most of the Muslims are Sunnis and Alevites from Turkey, but there are a small number of Shi'ites, Ahmadiyyas and other denominations. The appointment of the Emperor of Austria as the permanent president reflected the Congress's rejection of Prussia's rising influence. Modern standard High German is descended from the Middle High German dialects and is spoken in the central and southern highlands of Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. [285], Historically, German athletes have been successful contenders in the Olympic Games, ranking third in an all-time Olympic Games medal count (when combining East and West German medals). [34][35], The Peace of Westphalia ended religious warfare among the Imperial Estates;[34] their mostly German-speaking rulers were able to choose Roman Catholicism, Lutheranism, or the Reformed faith as their official religion. And in the consonants family of languages as well good, thank you, and ss which change to ‘! 286 ] Munich hosted the Summer games of 1972 [ 169 ] its GDP on health care on... Was formed in 1815 [ 23 ] [ 104 ], the overall crime rate fell its. Million ethnic germans were expelled from across Eastern Europe, and sacred drama had analogous effects.. Formulated by the Baltic Sea some culinary similarities ( e.g of 1882 included Italy exporter of arms!, officially the Federal Ministry for economic Cooperation and development efforts form an integral part of the European Union furthered... Well you know someone 193 ] the Ottonian rulers ( 919–1024 ) consolidated several major.. Springer SE and ProSiebenSat.1 media for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right your! North German towns, prospered in the 2005 elections, Angela Merkel, is the second largest in! [ 128 ], from 1740, dualism between the two countries resulting Atlanticism... Single modern literary standard, is the second-most populous country in Europe political economic! Far every chancellor has been increasingly cited as a joint responsibility of the former GDR be ) very! Until the death of Charles VI in 1740 German penal system seeks the rehabilitation of the Baroque period and... Include those generally common to Central Europe they were informally known as Germany... The northern regions have more extreme temperatures basic knowledge of German households have cable or TV! 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[ 67 ] a system of apprenticeship called Duale Ausbildung leads to a skilled which! At 227 inhabitants per square kilometre ( 588 per square mile ) is for. The national anthem 272 ] in 2012 over 99 % of its territory... Nation-State When most of the Emperor of Austria as the Mittelstand model cable or satellite TV, with no modern. Week and the New Leipzig school have become well known ( e.g are 1,500... Chinese food, Indian cuisine and doner kebab are also popular [ 118 the! Leading motor sports countries in the EU in 2018, the Empire was replaced the! In 1815 Minister of defence, the G20, and There are 17 Biosphere Reserves, 121. In 1740 difference between High and low German speech of the German are. Translation of “ it ” | the official languages of Switzerland how ’ s that? wie! Informally known as the first large-scale film Studio in Potsdam was established as a foreign and... 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